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Title: Enzymes and Digestion - AQA AS Level Biology
Description: As title describes, concise notes covering enzymes and digestion under chapter 6 of the kerboodle AS level (new( spec Biology.

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Enzymes and Digestion 
Digestion of Starch 
Starch → Maltose → a­glucose 
(+water) (+water) 
Starch is hydrolysed to Maltose with water, the reaction is catalysed by Amylase
...
 
 
Glycosidic bonds between a­glucose molecules are broken in each of these steps, each stage is 
a hydrolysis reaction
...
 
Lactose is hydrolysed to a­glucose and Galactose with water, the reaction is catalysed by 
Lactase
...
 
6​ O​
 

Digestion of Proteins 
Polypeptide → Smaller Polypeptides → Dipeptides and Amino Acids → Amino Acids 
(+water)          (+water)                          (+water)                                     (+water) 
 
A polypeptide is hydrolysed to smaller polypeptides with water, this reaction is catalysed by 
Endopeptidases, which hydrolyse peptide bonds around the centre of the polypeptide
...
 
The dipeptides are hydrolysed with water, this reaction is catalysed by Dipeptidases which 
hydrolyse the remaining peptide bonds in the dipeptides, leaving amino acids at the end of this 
process
...
 
 

Absorption of Triglycerides in the Ileum 
Firstly the triglycerides are hydrolysed as shown in the process above, forming monoglycerides 
and fatty acids
...
 When the micelles encounter the 
epithelial cells of the ileum, they break down, releasing the monoglycerides and fatty acids, 
which are non­polar molecules and so can pass through the phospholipid bilayer by simple 
diffusion
...
 They are then transported to the golgi apparatus, where 
they are associated with cholesterol and lipoproteins to form chylomicrons, particles that are 
adapted for the transport of lipids
...
  
 

The Ileum 
Function: to facilitate the absorption of useful substances (bar water), produces amylase, 
sucrase, dipeptidases, maltase and lactase
...
 


Title: Enzymes and Digestion - AQA AS Level Biology
Description: As title describes, concise notes covering enzymes and digestion under chapter 6 of the kerboodle AS level (new( spec Biology.