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Title: Communication Between Neurons
Description: These notes were taken for my upper-level Physiological Psychology course. Topics covered include action potentials, membrane potential, synapse structure, neurotransmitters, receptor activation, postsynaptic potential, and non-synaptic transmission, among others.
Description: These notes were taken for my upper-level Physiological Psychology course. Topics covered include action potentials, membrane potential, synapse structure, neurotransmitters, receptor activation, postsynaptic potential, and non-synaptic transmission, among others.
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● Action Potentials
○
○
○
○
“very rapid reversal of the membrane potential”
“constitutes the message carried by the axon from the cell body to the terminal buttons”
Electrical message
caused by a brief increase in permeability of the membrane to the Na+ (sodium) to
immediately followed by transient increase in the permeability of the membrane to K+
(potassium)
■ is this why we need so much of this stuff in our diet
○ Conduction of the action potential
■ all or none law:
once an action potential is triggered it won’t stop until it reaches
the end of the fiber
■ Rate law:
variations in stimulus intensity or other info are represented by variations
in the rate at which the axon fires
■ Saltatory conduction:
jumping node to node
● AP is retriggered at each node
● Membrane Potential
○ Diffusion
: movement of molecules from regions of high concentrations to regions of low
concentration
■ EX
: sugar dissolving in a glass of water; distributes evenly after a certain period of
time
■ Diffusion= trying to become even
○ Electrostatic pressure
: the attractive force btw atomic particles charged w/ opposite signs
■ the repulsive force btw atomic particles charged w/ the same sign
■ the force is electrostatic
● Tools to measuring electrical potentials
○ can really only measure in giant squids we can SEE their axons
○ Electrodes
: measures electrical charges generated by axon
○ Microelectrodes: very small electrode, made of metal or glass
■ glass cannot conduct electricity thus glass microelectrode is filled w/ a liquid that
does (i
...
, KCI)
■ measures membrane potential; electrical charge across a cell membrane
(difference in electrical potential inside and out)
○ Oscilloscope
: displays a graph of voltage as a function of time on the face of cathode ray
tube
● Action Potential State
○ threshold of excitement charge that must be reached for AP to be triggered
■ 70 mV
○ When at 60 mV, Na+ channels open; sodium begins to enter the cell
■ depolarization
○ K+ channels open, K+ begins to leave cell
○ At about +40 mV, Na+ channels become refractory, no more Na+ enters cell
○ K+ continues to leave cell, causes membrane potentials to return to resting level
■ refractory state
○ K+ channels close
Title: Communication Between Neurons
Description: These notes were taken for my upper-level Physiological Psychology course. Topics covered include action potentials, membrane potential, synapse structure, neurotransmitters, receptor activation, postsynaptic potential, and non-synaptic transmission, among others.
Description: These notes were taken for my upper-level Physiological Psychology course. Topics covered include action potentials, membrane potential, synapse structure, neurotransmitters, receptor activation, postsynaptic potential, and non-synaptic transmission, among others.