Search for notes by fellow students, in your own course and all over the country.
Browse our notes for titles which look like what you need, you can preview any of the notes via a sample of the contents. After you're happy these are the notes you're after simply pop them into your shopping cart.
Title: Deaf Culture
Description: Notes taken from the powerpoint presentations used in the Foundations of Deaf Culture (ASL 101) at Augustana University
Description: Notes taken from the powerpoint presentations used in the Foundations of Deaf Culture (ASL 101) at Augustana University
Document Preview
Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above
9/30/14
VIDEO
Deaf schools are just quieter
...
Some Deaf people don’t like music
...
26, 1785 in La Balm-les Grottes, France
-fell out of high chair and landed in fireplace; burn-scar-name sign
-became deaf shortly after accident
-parents tried a variety of methods to restore his hearing
-as a child, he didn’t go to school, didn’t learn to read and write, he had no formal language
Laurent’s family background
-For many generations, various males in his family worked for the King
...
*His instructor struck him under the chin and he bit his tongue
...
*This experience influenced his belief that sign language was the best method to use w/
Deaf students
...
Henry Clay
sponsored a bill and gave 23,000 acres of land which they sold for $300,000 to raise money to
build their school
-more Deaf students enrolled in their school, ages 10 to 50
Clerc’s Involvement in Education
-Laurent taught for 50 years
*students, teachers, administrators
-used French signs but his students blended those signs with their own, thus creating ASL
*i
...
Most Deaf parents have children who can hear and vice-versa
Most had little communication with other Deaf people in the earlier years
Alexander Graham Bell’s mother and wife were both Deaf
*against people learning to sign; believed it marked them as different and kept them in
the lower classes
*didn’t see the expansion of a Deaf community as a good thing; tried to keep them from
marrying each other
Would be punished if they signed in class; hands would be tied—had to read lips and talk
10/16/14
POWERPOINT
The Communication Spectrum
-Spoken English- CUED speech- SEE 1- SEE 2- Signed English- PSE- ASL
CUED speech
-cueing a listener to English phonemes that are spoken
-1% of D/HH
-invented by a hearing man, Orin Cornett in 1966
-4 vowel positions in the mouth and neck area
-8 handshapes
Seeing Essential English (SEE 1)
-invented by David Anthony, a deaf instructor at the Michigan School for the Deaf in 1966
-system is based on word parts
*butterfly= butter + fly
*carpet= car + pet
*laptop= lap + top
*workout= work + out
Signing Exact English (SEE 2)
-invented by a Gallaudet University professor of education, Gerilee Gustason
-1969
-most widely used MCE system today
-65% signs from ASL
-Many public and private schools: Olathe, Wichita, Sedalia Kansas, Omaha, Nebraska
Additions
-Word endings
*Ed
*Ing
*Affixes
-Affix is added in signs if it is added in speech or writing
...
-Some foreign languages (i
...
, Spanish) have been well established in the U
...
-English originated in a different country yet is the language of people in Canada and the U
...
ASL Phonology
-ASL Phonology:
*Hand shape
*Location
*Movement
*Palm orientation
-Comparing English and ASL phonology
*In English, sound parts called phonemes
...
*ASL phonemes are simultaneous but can be sequential (movements and holds-white:
hold, move, hold)
ASL Morphology
-A morpheme is the smallest unit of language
...
Subject and verb are combined- give, tell
*2
...
Classifiers representing nouns are combined with movement
How does ASL show grammatical information?
-Non-manual Signals (Facial expression, body posture, gestures)
*questions
*negatives
*adverbial information
Languages can be related to each other
-romance languages have similarities
-some language similarities are the result of historical events (i
...
, English and French have some
similarities as a result of the Norman Invasion)
...
-One language can influence another language
*ASL loan signs (bus, back)
Languages change over time
-English
*Slang influenced by events in time
*technological advances
-ASL
*events in time
-Signs (i
...
money, technology)
3 Major Modalities of a language
-Spoken
*primary: directly represent concepts
-Written
*primary
*secondary: represents the spoken language
-Signed
*Secondary: represents English (manually coded English)
*Primary: unrelated to spoken language (happens naturally)
The modality of ASL
-It is a signed language
...
-Can it be written?
*Sign writing
*Gloss (English translation of ASL)
*Many non-western cultures also have oral traditions (Greek and Balkan epic poetry
ASL: A feature that distinguishes Deaf culture from other cultures
-3 roles of language:
*assists members developing a connection, sense of belonging
*a means of interacting with others
*resource for cultural knowledge
-learn the values of the culture
-learn the customs of the culture
-source of information
History of ASL
-The early history of sign language was poorly documented
-17th century: Martha’s Vineyard (1 in every 155 people were born deaf, higher for some areas of
the island)
-18th century France
*Pierre Deloges wrote a book describing the sign language that deaf individuals used by
Deaf Parisians
*Abbe de l’Epee used sign language to teach Deaf children (although he modified FSL to
become methodical signs to incorporate aspects of French grammar);
-19th century America
*Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet convinced Laurent Clerc to come to America to help him
build a school for the Deaf
...
William Stoke
-An English professor at Gallaudet
-Worked to identify and document the linguistic and grammatical features of ASL
-Today researchers to continue to conduct research on ASL
11/4/14
POWERPOINT
What is oppression?
-The majority group defines “normalcy”
More on oppression
-members of the majority cannot believe that a rational person would reject attempts to help
make them “normal (i
...
oral communication, cochlear implants)
...
*They do not trust the abilities of the minority group so majority members will take
control
...
Oppression continued
-The majority group resents any attempts on part of the oppressed group toward liberation or
equality (i
...
DPN)
-Psychological consequences of oppression:
*Deaf individuals suffer from diminished self-confidence
*Some deaf individuals may parrot beliefs of the majority group
...
”
Audism: the notion that one is superior based on their ability to hear
Often would get left out of family conversations
-would wonder why they were laughing and ask what was going on; would get told they’d be
told later, but they’d never get told
To hearing families, having a deaf child can be devastating
When religion failed to cure deaf people, people turned to medicine and science
...
-The Least Restrictive provision of IDEA is often viewed as the most destructive law in the
history of Deaf Education
...
11/18/14
POWERPOINT
Challenges of Literacy
-Not having a strong language foundation at all
*no good language role models
*don’t have access to communication in home or school
-parents don’t sign
-interpreters/teachers don’t have skills of communication; don’t help child
-friends/peers can’t sign or not fluent
*no background knowledge that’s necessary to comprehend what they read
12/4/14
POWERPOINT
Cultural and linguistic minority perspective
-Deaf people are not sad to be deaf
-They believe sign lang
...
-It can serve as a bridge to learning English
...
-Some parents want their child to be a part of the hearing culture
What does a hearing aid do?
-amplifies sound
-various sizes, new hearing aids are now digital
-no surgery is required, doesn’t damage exiting hearing
-cost is approximately $2000 per hearing aid
-parts of a hearing aid include a microphone, amplifier, and battery
What does a cochlear implant do?
-sound goes to a speech processor which is translated to a special code that is sent to the interior
implant
-which sends electrical impulses that stimulates the auditory nerves and is sent to the brain
-it impasses the damaged part of the ear
-only beneficial for severe to profound hearing loss
-cost is approximately $50,000
-surgery is about 3 hours
-one month later, mapping and activation
-follow up training
Risks
-infection
-facial paralysis
-device breakdown
-long term electrical stimulation effect is unknown
What is the medical community doing?
-cochlear implant is often seen as the only intervention
-many families are counseled not to sign
-Some CI centers will not consider implantation if the family continues to sign
Reason #1 to promote sign language with cochlear implantation
-A cochlear implant is a technology to provide access to sound
-it is not a cure for deafness
-it does not mean that they can understand what they hear
Remember
-it can’t be worn at all times
-it breaks
-batteries die
-it can get lost
-children may refuse to wear it
-children may refuse to wear it at all times
-internal devices fail
Reason #2
-Many months of prime language learning passes before a child becomes eligible for an implant,
goes through the process of implantation, and has access to quality sound
-it is important to develop language as efficiently as possible as early as possible
Research on signing language with babies
-early language (signed or spoken) can positively impact spoken language outcomes
-early sign lang
...
Development, thinking and literacy
development
-the brain has the capacity to learn 2 languages from birth
-sign language has a positive impact on the early language development of hearing babies
*easier motor skill
*talk earlier
*gestures support spoken vocab
Title: Deaf Culture
Description: Notes taken from the powerpoint presentations used in the Foundations of Deaf Culture (ASL 101) at Augustana University
Description: Notes taken from the powerpoint presentations used in the Foundations of Deaf Culture (ASL 101) at Augustana University