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Element 1: Workplace hazards and risk control
1
...
If nonpotable water is alsoavailable then supplies should be clearly
labeled to distinguish between the two
...
They
should be protected from the weather and
adequately clean, lit and ventilated
...

Washing facilities – access to suitable washing facilities by
sanitary conveniences, changing facilities and as required in work
areas
...

Washing facilities should have hot and cold (or warm) running
water, soap and towels (or other means of drying)
...
These should be adequately lit,cle
an and ventilated, with separate facilities for men and women
...
Separate storage for dirty work clothing may be
necessary to prevent cross-contamination
...
Such areas should have sufficient seating and be away
from hazardous work areas, allowing workers to remove PPE and
relax
...
If hot
food isnot provided at work then basic facilities might be provided
so workers can make theirown hot drinks and food
...


Identify prevention strategies an organization could consider to r
educe the risk violence
towards workers
...

 Interviewing staff formally or informally
...

 Zero tolerance policy and prosecution of offenders
...

 CCTV cameras
...

 Minimize queues and waiting times
...

 Training for staff, e
...

 Providing a good quality service
...

 Screens between staff and public
...

 Pleasant environment
...

 Keeping records of past incidents and vetting customers
...

 Pre- and post-visit telephone calls
...
g
...

 Break-away techniques (self-defence)
...
g
...

 No visits after dark
...

 Not carrying cash or valuables
...


Identify the types of hazard that may cause slips or trips
at work
...


 Smooth floor surfaces that are inherently slippery (e
...
polished mar
ble) and Wet becauseof spills or cleaning operations
...
g
...

 Frost and ice (e
...
outside pavements in winter or the floor in a freez
er)
...

 Uneven or loose floor surfaces (e
...
broken paving slab; poorlylaid floor mat)
...
g
...

 Objects on the floor (e
...
a bag left on the floor)
...


Outline how slips and trip hazards in the workplace might be
controlled
...
(e
...
by applying a non-slipresin to an existing floor)
...
Such spillages might simply be of
water(e
...
drinks), but in other instances might be of oil, fuels
(e
...
diesel)
...
Signs should
conform to relevant standards
...


Outline three control measures to segregate pedestrians and
vehicles in the work place
...
Pedestrian free zones –
since pedestrians are usually the group at greatestrisk during veh
icle maneuvering
operations, it may be possible to eliminate them fromcertain parts
of the workplace
...
One-

way systemsare an effective method of reducing the risk of
vehicle/vehicle collisions
...


Outline / Identify the main hazards that may be present during
the demolition of a building
...

 Work at height
...

 Contact with live overheads
...

 Asbestos
...

 Movement of vehicles
...

 Noise and vibration
...

 Biological hazards from vermin or stagnant water
...


 Manual handling
...


A three meter deep trench has to be dug across a car park
...
Identify hazards
associated with the work
...
Outline control measures that could be implemented to reduce
the risk
...

Shoring the sides of the excavation can be supported (shored) with metal or tim
berthat is fixed in place inside the excavation
...

Barriers should consist of guardrails (as for a scaffold work platform) to preventpeople falling in,
and toe boards to prevent objects being kicked down into the excava
tion
...

Long excavations should be provided with crossing points (bridges) that
should be similarlyguarded in with barriers and toe-boards
...
Ladders should extend 5 rungs above the edge of the
excavation to give a secure stepping off point
...

1
...
(8)
• Guard-rail fitted to the work platform
...

• Wheels should be locked when the tower is in use
...

• People and materials should not remain on the tower when it
is moved
...

• Outriggers should be used where necessary to ensure stability
...

 Tower must be built by trained workers
...

i
...

Identify control measures to reduce the risks
to roofworkers
...

 The safe working method for fragile roofs
is usually by the use of roof laddersor crawling boards
...

 Access equipment must be maintained correctly to ensure stability
...
g
...

 Personal protective equipment, such as harnesses and helmets
...


Identify TWO control measures to reduce the risks
to otherpersons
...

 Collective protection systems, such as safety nets and air bags
...

Identify why accidents may
occur in staircase1
(6)
 Poor lighting


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




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


Not using hand rails
Not following rules(eg
...
Identify the factors to consider when assessing the adequacy o
f lighting within an open planoffice
...

Light levels should be adjusted to suit the level of detail required an
d the visual acuity of theworkers
...

Lighting must be arranged to avoid reflections and glare that might
dazzle or temporarilydisable
...

Flickering should be avoided to prevent nuisance and in particular t
he “stroboscope effect”
...
g
...

12
...

Provision of landings
...

Possibility of using a lift as an alternative
...

Provision of non slip surfaces
...
Identify the safe working practices for the use of a mobile eleva
ting work platform (MEWP)or a Scissor lift
...

• Sufficient clearance from obstructions and overheads
when operating
...

• Barriers also act to keep people out from underneath the cradle
...
Safety harnesses worn as an additi
onal backup
...

• Not driven with the cradle raised unless specifically designed to
do so
...

• Must be inspected as an item of lifting equipment designed to
carry people
...

14
...

(a) Outline the precautions that should be taken in order to reduce
the risk of injury tomembers of the public during erection and use
of the scaffold
...

• Tower must not be overloaded
...

• Tower must be sited on firm, level ground
...

• Care should be taken to avoid overheads when the tower is moved
...

• People should not climb up the outside of the tower
...

(b) Outline the inspection requirements for an independent tied scaff
old
...

• After any substantial alteration
...
g
...

• Periodically (typically weekly)
...

• Tying and bracing
...

• Edge protection (guard-rails, toe-boards)
...
Workers who deal with the public may be subject to violent behav
ior
...

Any incident in which a person is abused, threatened or assaulted in circ
umstancesrelating to their work
...

• Cash handling – any work that involves the handling of
quantities of cash or valuablesputs workers at risk of violence
associated with robbery
...

• Representing authority –
any work where the worker represents authority, such aspolice, traf
fic wardens, etc
...

• Dealing with people under stress –
when people are under stress they are less capableof handling their
emotions and can lose control
...

14
...

(a) Identify possible reasons why a person may be in possession of
drugs in theworkplaceDue to work pressure
 Loneliness(work alone)
 Family influence
 Regular habit
(b) Outline control measures that an employer could take in order
to reduce the misuse ofdrugs in the workplace
...

 Statutory legal requirements prohibiting workers from being under
the influence ofdrugs and alcohol
...

 Arrangements for any random drugs and alcohol testing those work
ers will be subject to
...

 Disciplinary procedures for workers, who refuse assistance, refuse t
o be tested or who fail atest
...

15
...
(page no: 1-26)
• Site on a solid, flat base so that the feet do not sink
into the ground
...

• Angle of the ladder should ideally be 75° to the horizontal or at a
ratio of 1:4 distance away from the wall to height (1 out: 4 up)
...

• Ideally the ladder should be secured at the top
...

• If this is not possible, then guy ropes should be attached and
secured to firm supports
...

• Top of the ladder should extend far enough above the level of the
working position orthe platform onto which it provides access to
provide a safe handhold
...

• Only one person should climb on the ladder at any one time
...

• Wooden ladders should not be painted as this can hide defects
...

(5)
 Tools and parts are only used for their intended purpose, within thei
r designspecification (e
...
the maximum speed of a cutting disc












should not be exceeded) and in an environment that they are
suitable for
...
g
...

Necessary personal protective equipment
is always used (e
...
eye protection whenusing a chain saw)
...

Make sure third party certificate is available to ensure the fitness of t
he equipment
...

b) Identify measures that could be taken to help ensure that an ite
m of work equipmentremains in a suitable condition
...

Do not overload the machine during its work process
...

Never use the equipment for those jobs which are not designed for it

...

(8)

 The hazardous nature of the substance present –
is it toxic, corrosive, carcinogenic,etc
...
?
 The routes of entry the substance can take in order to cause harm –
is it harmful by inhalation,ingestion, skin absorption, etc
...

 The concentration of the substance –
if stored or used neat or diluted, and theconcentration in the air
if airborne
...

 The frequency of exposure –
will people by exposed once a week, once a day orcontinuously?
 The duration of exposure –
will exposure be very brief, last for several hours or last all day?
 The control measures that are already in place such as ventilation systems and PPE
...

Outline the control measures to reduce the risk of injury to the office
workers when using this temporary access
...

 Training to be given to all employees with regards to the temporary
arrangement
...

 If possible one way system to be implemented
...







Reduce the speed limit during these time to ensure more safe
...

On all crossing special marking to be provided for crossing the road
...


21) Outline the hazards associated with the use of a materials hoist
on a construction site
...

 Being struck by the load during a lifting operation
...

 Falls from height –
from a landing level or from the platform of the lift itself
...


Element 2: Transport hazards and risk control
1
...

(5)

 As part of the risk assessment, transport hazards must be identified
and assessed
 The provision of designated safe crossing points and refuges

 Fitting vehicles with
audible or visual alarms for example to give warning of a reversingo
peration
 The use of a banksman to ensure safe vehicle movement in areas
where pedestrians are likely to be present
 Ensuring a good standard of visibility by the provision of mirrors, tr
ansparent doors andCCTV
 The introduction of a speed restriction on vehicles; the use of
trained and authorized drivers particularly for forklift trucks
 The provision and use of high visibility personal protective equipme
nt
 Provision of a good standard of lighting which avoids the possibility
of glare
...


Identify precautions that should be taken when leaving a forklift truck unattended
...

 Park in a designated area, to ensure that it cannot rollaway
...


 The truck should be left with the mast tilted slightly forward and
forks resting on the floor to make sure that it is stable and not likely
to overturn
...

 Park away from other vehicles on a firm, level surface
...


3
...

 Incompetent driver / operator
 Lack of proper maintenance of the vehicle
...
When doing manual handling jobs like loading crates fro
m a truck
 Unloading eg
...

 Coupling –
When vehicles are attached to other towed equipment there is apot
ential of collision and crushing
...


4
...

(8)

 Segregated systems for vehicular and pedestrian traffic
...

 Maintaining good visibility (mirrors, provision of lightings etc
...

 The drawing up and enforcement of site rules
...


 The wearing of high visibility clothing
...

 Training for, and supervision of, all concerned
...


Outline the means by which the risk of accidents from reversing
vehicles within a workplace
can be reduced
...

 Segregation of pedestrians and vehicles or the provision of refuges
...

 Provision of audible reversing alarms and flashing beacons
...

 Use of high visibility clothing
...

 Provision of banks men
...

5
...

Identify suitable control measures to reduce the risk of collision wi
th workers








6
...

Suitable for the environment and conditions in which they are used
...

Only driven by suitably trained, qualified staff
...

Provision of audible reversing alarms and flashing beacons
...

(a) Identify reasons why a vehicle may not be able to stop effecti
vely
...
(page no:2-2)
Loading –
both manual and mechanical loading of vehicles can create risk,
e
...
themanual handling risk associated with lifting crates into the
back of a lorry, or the risk of collision when loading a flat- bed
lorry using a forklift truck
...
g
...

Securing –
when workers have to climb onto a vehicle in order to secure the l
oad, e
...
adriver might have to climb onto the top of a lorry to
sheet over the load to prevent it blowing out when moving at

speed, or climb onto the top of a road tanker to close hatches
...

Coupling –
when vehicles are attached to trailers or other towed equipment t
here ispotential for collision and crushing
...

8) Mobile tower scaffolds should be used on stable, level ground
...
(8)

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


Never overload the mobile tower scaffold during work
...

All the mobile tower should have guard rails fitted
...

Only competent and trained personnel to erect the tower
...

Never work under overhead lines
...


9) A new vehicle route is to be provided into the goods delivery area
of workplace
...

(8)

 Vehicle traffic route layout – good design of roads and routes can be
used to keep vehicles at a distance from pedestrian walkways and
other vehicles
...

 Segregation of vehicles and pedestrians – wherever possible
pedestrians should be provided with a
separate walkway
...

In some situations (such as in loading bays), safe havens should
be provided thatpedestrians can retreat into during
vehicle movements
...

 Separate site and building entrances should be provided for vehicles
and pedestrians sothat they are not forced into close proximity at
these bottlenecks
...

Traffic calming measures such as speed bumps might be used where
experience shows there is a problem with vehicles speeding
...

 Crossing points may be implemented to allow pedestrians to cross tr
affic routes safely
...
Blind spots should be eliminated by careful

traffic route design; where this is not possible, aids such as mirrors,
CCTV and transparent doors should be provided
...

 Appropriate signage should be used to alert vehicle drivers to hazar
ds on their route (suchas lower overheads)
...
g
...

 The surface of the traffic route must be suitable for the vehicles usin
g it, with attentionpaid to its
strengths and stability, grip characteristics and drainage
...


A worker is manually loading boxes of components onto
metal shelves
...

Identify four types of injury that worker could suffer while
carrying out this activityOr List four
specific types of injury that may cause by the incorrect manual handl
ing ofloads
...


Identify factors in relation to the task that will increase the risk
of injury
...

a
...
(6) (page no:3-10)
Employees should be trained in basic safe lifting technique
...


 Before lifting
–– Check the weight and stability of the load
...

–– Establish a firm grip
...

–– Keep the back upright
...

–– Avoid twisting, over-reaching, jerking
...

–– Maintain good balance
...


a
...
(2)

 Forklift Trucks
 Hoists
 Conveyors
 Cranes

3
...
(page no:3-18) (8)

 Ensuring that the load to be lifted is within the safe lifting capacity of
the crane – safelifting capacity will vary with the length of the jib
and the distance away from the crane that the jib is positioned to
(radius), so capacity can vary from one lift to the next
...

 Using the outriggers correctly
...


 Restricting use of the crane to trained and competent operators only

...

 Providing a banks man to give directions to the crane operator with
good means ofcommunication between driver and other operators
...

 Checking that there are no obstructions such as buildings or overhea
d lines in the vicinity ofthe lift
...

4
...
(8) (page
no: 1-30)

 Vehicle sited on firm, stable ground
...

 Barriers around MEWPs to prevent it being struck by vehicles or mo
bile plant
...


 Guard-rails incorporated into the cradle
...

 Controls of the MEWP should be inside the cradle so that the person
actually working atheight has some control
...

 Must not be overloaded
...

 Use restricted to trained, authorized staff only
...

a
...

Identify FOUR hazards associated specifically with batterypowered fork lift trucks
...

 Batteries contain dilute sulphuric acid which is corrosive
...

 The electricity can cause arcing, shock, burns or fire
...

 Batterypowered vehicles can be very quiet or almost silent, increasing the ri
skof collision with pedestrians
...

b
...
(page no: 24)
(8)

 Avoidance of reversing by implementing one way traffic systems
...

 Good vehicle selection so that drivers have adequate visibility
...

 Provision of mirrors at blind spots to see approaching pedestrians
...

 Ensuring that the area is well lit
...

 Training for drivers and pedestrians working in the area
...


Outline the specific causational factors that may have contribute
d to Work Related UpperLimb Disorders
...

 The load
...

 Individual capabilities

The task:
 At what height is the load being picked up, carried or put down
 Is the task very repetitive
 Is there a high work-rate
 Is a long carrying distance involved
 Does the task involve stooping (worker has to keep their legs straigh
t and bendtheir back) to move the load
 Does the task involve twisting (turning the shoulders while the feet s
tay still)
 Can rest breaks be taken as the worker requires them

 Does the task involve lifting the load through a vertical distance
 Does the task involve reaching above shoulder height
 Does the task involve the worker holding the load away from their tr
unk (torso)

The load:
The load can be assessed by asking questions such as:
 How heavy is the load?
 How large and bulky is the load?
 Is the load an easy shape to lift?
 How stable is the load?
 Where is the centre of gravity (C of G) of the load?
 Is the load difficult to grip? (or does it have handles)?
 Is the load hot, sharp or otherwise hazardous?

The Environment:
The environment can be assessed by asking questions such as:
 Are there restrictions on the space available?

 Is the floor surface slippery or uneven?
 Are there changes in floor level (steps, stairs, etc
...

 Does the activity present significant risk to vulnerable individuals su
ch aspregnant women or people with pre-existing back injuries?
4
...

 Control repetitive handling by introducing frequent rest breaks or
job rotation to minimize
the length of time that an individual worker has to perform the task
...

 Use a table or lift to bring the load to waist height to eliminate pickin
g up from floorlevel
...

 Use several workers to handle a large, bulky load rather than just on
e
...

 Mark up a load with an off-centre C of G so that workers
can see where the C of G is
...

3
...
(page no: 3-2)

Task Factors:
 Repetition –
the need for repetitive movements when carrying out the task (e
...
t
ypingfor several hours)
...
g
...

 Posture –
any requirement to adopt an awkward posture (e
...
stooping over in
to a binto pick out contents)
...
g
...

 Rest –
the potential for the worker to rest and recover from any fatigue (e
...
aworker on a production line cannot stop the line; they have to
keep working even when fatigued)
...
The presence of glare may also
cause a problem
...


Equipment Factors:
 Equipment design –
the shape of the equipment and how this affects ease of use (e
...
alar
ge, shaped handle on a scraper makes it easier to hold and use)
...
g
...


Identify the features of a chair to ensure it is suitable for use at a
DSE workstation
...


Outline the possible risks to health associated with the use of dis
play screen equipment(DSE)
...

Eye strain –
temporary eye fatigue associated with prolonged use of the scree
n
...

Fatigue and stress –
associated with the type of work being done, e
...
call centre staff
may be Subjected to verbal abuse during telephone calls
...



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


Identify the Mechanical hazards related with the work
equipment
...







Outline the precautions that should be taken in order to ensure
the safety of employees carryingout maintenance work on
process equipment
...

Ensure isolation of power source is confirmed
...

Where power cannot be isolated live parts should be covered with in
sulating materials
...


 Running of dangerous moving parts at low speed when need to wor
k in live machines
...

 Use of handling aids to prevent chance of manual handling
...

Identify precautions that would need to be considered before w
elding work can commence
...

 Keep fire hazards away- Areas for welding, cutting, and heating
must be kept clear and free of flammable liquids and solvents
...


 Be alert for cracks or crevices Sparks and slag can travel long distances
...

Service-able fire extinguishers, fire hoses, or sand buckets should be
on hand
...

 Know the local fire codes for welding and cutting
...

 Before welding or cutting in a new location for the first time, please
do the risk assessment
...

4
...

Tools must be suitable for the task that they are going to perform
and for the environment in which they are to be used, e
...
nonsparking tools (do not produce sparks when struck) is suitable for us
ein a potentially flammable atmosphere
...
Many workers serve some form of apprenticeship or spend
several years in training where they acquire an understanding of
safety in the use of the tools for their trade, but not all workers come
to the workplace with this knowledge (which may seem like
common knowledge to others)
...
This should be done by the user
...

Substandard tools should be maintained or discarded
...
g
...


 Supervision is important to
ensure that safe working practices are adhered to and misuse does n
ot become commonplace
...

a
...

 Contact with the moving parts of the strimmer
 The possibility of being struck by flying stones or other materials
 Slips / Trips / Falls
 Manual handling hazards
 The danger posed by moving traffic, noise and vibration
 Dust and fumes
...

 Weather condition like exposure to ultraviolet radiation
b
...

 Ear defenders
 Eye protection
 Respiratory protection
 Gloves
 Safety footwear
 Gaiters
 High visibility jackets
c
...

 The use of traffic control or barriers

 The selection and maintenance of equipment to reduce to a minimu
m the levels of noise and vibration
 The provision of information, instruction, training and supervision a
nd health surveillance
 Completion of a risk assessment for the job to be done

6
...
Identify four hazards associated with the use of bench top grinder
...

 Drawing in at nip-point between wheel and tool rest
...

 Entanglement with the spindle on which the wheel is mounted
...

 Hot parts caused by friction (especially the workpiece being ground)

...

 Noise and vibration
...
Other than a guard, Identify four control measures that could be
introduced to reduce risk to a worker using a bench top grinder
...

 Tool rest adjusted to minimise nip point between rest and wheel
...

 Eye protection (impact resistant)
...

 Installation of LEV may be required to control dust
...

 Regular checks of the grinding wheel
...

c
...
(4)

 The guard or safety device should be suitable for the machinery
 The guard should reduce the accident rate rather than increasing th
e accident rate
 Select standard guard or safety device and it should be easy to use
...

 The guard should not obstruct the working cycle of the machine if re
quired in such operations
...
Outline the merits and limitations of (page no:4-12)
i
...
When a guard is removed a safety interlock
system prevents machine operation For example, a microwave
oven has a hinged door on the front to allow easy access; this
door is interlocked so that power to the microwave generator is
shut off when it is open
...
With simple interlock systems this
is easily done,
but even complex interlock systems can be defeated by a determi
ned person
...

ii
...
g
...

Limitations:

Do not provide a physical barrier to prevent access
...
g
...
May not
operate fast enough to prevent harm (but may reduce the
severity)
...
Frequent trips may result inop
erator stress
...
Outline four main categories of guards and safeguarding devices
that may be used to minimize the risk of contact with the dangerous
parts of machinery
...
The guard may by
shaped to fit the machine quite closely (enclosing guard), or it may
be more like a fence around the machine (perimeter guard)
...
g
...

Adjustable Guards:

An adjustable guard can be set to a range of positions by the
operator depending on the nature of the workpiece and the
operation being carried out
...

Interlock Guards:
An interlocked guard is a protective device designed to be
removed as a normal part of routine machine operation
...
When the guard is removed a
safety interlock system prevents machine operation
...

Trip Devices:
Trip devices are protective devices that do not put a physical
barrier between the operator and the dangerous parts of machinery
...
Trip devices are intended to
minimise severity of an injury and are often used as an additional
control measure, e
...
in combination with an interlocked access gate
to ensure that an operator does not gain access by climbing over a
fence or being locked in by a colleague
...



Identify four mechanical hazards presented by pedestal drill &
outline in each case how injury may occur
...




Stabbing or puncture by the drill bit during normal use or if the bit
breaks
...




Impact if struck by the workpiece if the bit jams and the workpiece
rotates
...






Electricity
...




Hot parts (especially the drill bit)
...
g
...




9
...

• Entanglement with rotating drum or drive motor
...

• Crushing between drum and drum stop when tipping
...

• Electricity
...

• Health hazard from cement dust inhalation (irritant) and contact
with wet cement (corrosive)
...

• Being struck by vehicles operating in the area
...

• Location of the mixer on firm, level ground
...

• Fixed guards to motor and drive mechanism
...

• Reduction in manual handling or positioning of cement bags close
to the equipment
...

• Hand protection, respiratory protection, overalls and eye
protection (splash resistant)
...







10
...

Adjustable (possibly interlocked) guard over chuck and drill bit
...




Eye protection (impact resistant)
...




Routine maintenance, including inspection and portable appliance
testing for electrical safety
...


11
...
Identify the control measures to be
taken to reduce the risk of injury to workers from the conveyor
...
A factory producing furniture uses wood in the manufacturing
process and is concerned about the health risk of wood dust
...
Identify operations which are likely to produce high levels of wood
dust in the workplace
...
Identify health risk which could be associated with the wood dust
...
Outline control measures which could reduce the risk from the
wood dust
...




13) a) Identify FOUR hazards associated with the
use of photocopiers
...




Electricity
...




Health hazard from ozone (irritant gas)
...




Routine inspection and portable appliance testing
...






Routine inspection and testing should be done for the photocopiers
14
...

a) Outline the features of portable electrical equipment that should
be checked by the user before use
...
g
...

• Necessary guards and safety devices are always used (e
...
the selfadjusting guard fitted to a portable circular saw)
...
g
...


• Trailing power cables or pipes are carefully positioned so that
they do not present a trip hazard and will not be damaged by the
tool or passing vehicles, etc
...
This may require that the area is fenced or cordoned
off or that the tool is only used at specific times
...


(2)

o

Check out the instrument for its working condition
...


PREPARED BY: MUHAMMAD SALEEM
EMAIL:

saleem0906@gmail

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