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Library guide
OSCOLA (Oxford Standard for the Citation of
Legal Authorities) - quick guide
Ross McClure and Elaine Shallcross, May 2015
QG LAW024

[https://www
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ac
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pdf]

Consistency and accuracy are two of the most important rules to follow in the citation of legal authorities
...

This guide shows you how to cite some of the most important UK and international primary and secondary
legal sources in your footnotes and bibliographies using the OSCOLA rules
...
law
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ac
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pdf and, for international legal materials,
consult the guide at www
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ox
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uk/sites/files/oxlaw/oscola_2006_citing_international_law
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All citations appear in footnotes and again at the end of your work
...
(Hart, 2012) and OSCOLA 2006 Citing
International Law Sources
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A comma is
placed after the final initial, eg Gane CHW,

Write forenames exactly as cited in the
source document – in full, initials only or
a mix of both, eg Christopher Kee or
Christopher H W Gane or ADM Forte

Use only initials,
eg Kee C or Gane CHW or Forte ADM

If no person, organisation or institution
claims editorial responsibility, begin the
citation with the title

Title should be preceded by a double emdash (— —)
...

When citing legislation and case law in the
same footnote: put legislation before cases
When citing primary and secondary
sources in the same footnote: put
primary sources before secondary

The sources at the end of your work are
arranged in:
tables of primary legal sources (cases,
legislation, treaties etc
...
arranged in A-Z order by
author family name

Latin ‘gadgets’

Avoid the use of supra, infra, ante, id,op
cit, loc cit and contra
ibid
...
It
means strictly ‘in the very same place’
...
means ‘in the same work but
this time at page 345’
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A full citation for each reference should
be supplied either in tables of primary
legal materials or in a bibliography
comprising individual lists of secondary
materials by reference type (books,
journal articles, conference papers etc
...

 See page 4 in the OSCOLA user manual for more information on citing legislation in footnotes; pages
23-28 for full details on citing UK sources (including Scotland); and pages 28-31 on citing EU sources
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 If you do not include the name of the act or relevant section in your text the information must be provided in a
footnote
...

 List every statute cited in the work, with the entry for each statute being sub-divided to show which parts
of the statute (sections, sub-sections and so on) are cited where
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Citing in Table of Legislation
Shipping and Trading Interests (Protection) Act 1995

Scottish primary legislation
Citing in Footnotes
Crofting Reform etc Act 2007 (asp 7)
...


Citing in Table of Legislation
Penalties for Disorderly Behaviour (Amendment of
Minimum Age) Order 2004, SI 2004/3166

Scottish secondary legislation
Citing in Footnotes
Breeding of Dogs (Licensing Records) (Scotland)
Regulations 1999, SSI 1999/176
...

Citing in Table of Legislation
Protocol to the Agreement on the Member States
that do not fully apply to the Schengen acquis – Joint
Declarations [2007] OJ L129/35

Citing in Footnotes
Protocol to the Agreement on the Member States
that do not fully apply to the Schengen acquis –
Joint Declarations [2007] OJ L129/35
...


Consolidated Version of the Treaty on European
Union [2008] OJ C115/13

2

International legislation
Cite legislation from other jurisdictions as it is cited in its own jurisdiction, but without any punctuation
(full stops) in abbreviations
...

Citing in Footnotes

Citing in Table of Legislation

Accident Compensation Act 1972 (NZ)
...


1976 Standard Terms Act (Gesetz über Allgemeine
Geschäfsbedingungen) (FRG)

loi n° 75-1349 du 31 décembre 1975 relative à
l’emploi de la langue française
...
It is acceptable to include the full case reference in footnotes
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C
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Citing in Table of Cases:
 Case names are not italicised and should be listed in alphabetical order of first significant word
...
Give the year of
judgment (not publication) in round brackets when the volumes of the law report series are independently
numbered
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Barrett v Enfield LBC (1999) 49 BMLR 1 (HL)

Corr v IBC Vehicles Ltd [2008] UKHL 13, [2008]
1 AC 884
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NB List full names (unless works on criminal law when ‘R’
is dropped):
Monopolies and Mergers Commission, ex p South
Yorkshire Transport Ltd [1992] 1 WLR 291 (CA)

Scottish cases
The year is not put in square brackets if it is required to locate the case in the series of reports, but it is put
in round brackets if the volumes of the report series are independently numbered
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Citing in Footnotes

Citing in Table of Cases

Dodds v HM Advocate 2003 JC 8
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Crofters Commission v Scottish Ministers 2002 SLT (Land
Ct) 19, 25

Hislop v Durham (1842) 4 D 1168
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Davidson v Scottish Ministers [2005] UKHL 74, 2006 SC
(HL) [41]
3

International cases and decisions (ICJ)
Cite International Court of Justice (ICJ) reports if available, otherwise cite to the website giving dates of
access
...

Citing in Footnotes

Citing in Table of Cases

Corfu Channel Case (UK v Albania) (Merits)
[1949] ICJ Rep 4
...


Land, Island and Maritime Frontier Case (El
Salvador/Honduras, Nicaragua intervening) (Application
for Intervention) [1990] ICJ Rep 92

Cases from other jurisdictions
Cite cases as they are cited in their own jurisdiction, but without punctuation (full stops) in abbreviations
...

Citing in Footnotes

Citing in Table of Cases

Henningsen v Bloomfield Motors Inc 161 A 2d
69 (NJ 1960)
...


Michael v Johnson 426 US 346 (1976)

Cass civ (1) 21 January 2003, D 2003, 693
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I
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CA Colmar 25 January 1963, Gaz Pal 1963
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277

Treaties
General notes: see pages 25-28 in OSCOLA 2006 Citing International Law Sources
Citing international treaties:
 If parties can accede to a treaty (as in most multilateral treaties) cite the full date on which the treaty was
opened for signature
...

 Give the date it entered into force (if available)
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Citing regional treaties:
 Include both the formal and informal or shortened names of the treaty in the first reference to a treaty
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Dates are not generally given for European treaties because they may have been amended several times
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United Nations Treaty Series
Citing in Footnotes
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (adopted
10 December 1948 UNGA Res 217 A(III)
(UDHR) art 5
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Rehabilitation and Development Co-Operation Agreement
(Australia–Nauru) (5 May 1994) ATS 1994 15

4

Regional treaties
Citing in Footnotes
Treaty on European Union (Maastricht Treaty) art G5
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Act of Accession 1985 (Spain and Portugal) Protocol 34

EC Treaty (Treaty of Rome, as amended) art 3b
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 Where no individual author is named but an organisation or institution claims editorial responsibility –
cite it as the author
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 For online only sources such as e-journals and websites – in addition to usual details give URL (web
address) in and date accessed
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See page 39 in the OSCOLA user manual
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 Journal titles are commonly abbreviated
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L
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legalabbrevs
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ac
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See general principles of citing secondary sources on pages 33-34 in the OSCOLA 4th ed
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Citing in footnotes


Give the author’s name exactly as given in the publication, omitting post-nominals such as QC
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 Give an individual author’s surname followed by initials (no punctuation), eg Forte ADM,
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Citing in the Bibliography
Fisher E, Risk Regulation and Administrative
Constitutionalism (Hart Publishing 2007)

Chapter in an edited book
Citing in Footnotes
Justine Pila, ‘The Value of Authorship in the
Digital Environment’ in William H Dutton and
Paul W Jeffreys (eds), World Wide Research:
Reshaping the Sciences and Humanities in the
Century of Information (MIT Press 2010)
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Citing in the Bibliography
Halsbury’s Laws (5th edn, 2010) vol 57, para 53

CJ Friedrich, ‘Constitutions and
Constitutionalism’, International Encyclopedia of
the Social Sciences III (1968) 319
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stanford
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Green L, ‘Legal Positivism’, The Stanford Encyclopedia
of Philosophy (Fall edn, 2009)
...
edu/archives/
fall2009/entries/legal-positivism> accessed 08 April 2013

5

Journal article
Citing in Footnotes

Citing in the Bibliography

Paul Craig, ‘Theory, “Pure Theory” and Values
in Public Law’ [2005] PL 440
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Citing in the Bibliography
The Water Industry SM DA21, 21 December 1999

Scottish Parliament papers
Citing in Footnotes
Audit Committee 6th report, 2000, ‘The New
Scottish Parliament Building’ (SPP 227) para 27
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Citing in the Bibliography
Home Office, Report of the Royal Commission on Capital
Punishment (Cmd 8932, 1953)

Web page
Citing in Footnotes

Citing in the Bibliography

Sarah Cole, ‘Virtual Friend Fires Employee’
(Naked Law, 1 May 2009)
...
com/2009/05/index
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Cole S, ‘Virtual Friend Fires Employee’ (Naked Law,
1 May 2009)
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com/2009/05/index
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Document with ISBN:
University of Oxford, Report of Inquiry (OUP 1966) vol 1,
ch 3 (Franks Report)

Document without ISBN:
Simon Whittaker, ‘La Protection du
Consummateur Contre lea Clauses Abusives en
Grande Bretagne’ (Commission des Clauses
Abusives 2009) ...
fr/colloque/swhittaker
...


Document without ISBN:
Whittaker S, ‘La Protection du Consummateur Contre lea
Clauses Abusives en Grande Bretagne’ (Commission
des Clauses Abusives 2009) ...
fr/colloque/swhittaker
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legalabbrevs
...
ac
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Derek French, How to Cite Legal Authorities (Blackstone 1996)
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072 Fre
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In Taylor Library at Law 341
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Citing US legal materials: The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (19th edn, Harvard Law Review
Association 2010)
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072 BLU
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at www
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ox
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uk/published/OSCOLA_4th_edn
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Library information guide: UG LAW006 Common Legal Abbreviations
Elaine Shallcross, Taylor Library: E: e
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ac
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6



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Title: OSCOLA (Oxford Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities) - quick guide
Description: Consistency and accuracy are two of the most important rules to follow in the citation of legal authorities. To help you achieve these you are required by the School of Law to use a form of legal citation called OSCOLA. This guide shows you how to cite some of the most important UK and international primary and secondary legal sources in your footnotes and bibliographies using the OSCOLA rules. However, this guide is not comprehensive so, when citing UK legal materials, you should also refer to the OSCOLA user manual online at www.law.ox.ac.uk/published/OSCOLA_4th_edn_Hart_2012.pdf and, for international legal materials, consult the guide at www.law.ox.ac.uk/sites/files/oxlaw/oscola_2006_citing_international_law.pdf. All citations appear in footnotes and again at the end of your work. The following information is derived from OSCOLA 4th edn. (Hart, 2012) and OSCOLA 2006 Citing International Law Sources

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