Almost there! Just a few clicks from the resource you need.
You can either checkout with the notes in your basket now, or find more notes. The choice is yours!
My Basket
GCSE C3 L5 The Importance Of Alkalis
Typed includes uses of alkalis - brief explanation of the pH scale- examples of alkali reactions
£0.70 Preview RemoveBTEC Applied Science Unit 22 Assignment 3
Task 1 You have been instructed by your line manager to demonstrate analytical practical skills as they want you to lead the new analytical research lab at Newcolab. You must carry out the given procedures using the method supplied to determine the percentage by mass of copper in the sample of copper ore provided and also use the method supplied to determine the mass of iron(II) sulfate in each of the iron supplement tablets provided. This provides evidence for P5 Task 2 You have been asked to produce a report so that existing employees in the lab can improve the methodologies of the practical’s you are completing. You must identify the sources of error and uncertainty in the methods carried out in task 1. Within your report your line manager expects that you evaluate the reliability of the methods used by comparing your results with those of other colleges within the research group. Your line manager expects that your work is handed in professionally and in appropriate scientific format. This provides evidence for M5 & D3 Exam board is Pearson ALL ASSIGNMENTS I HAVE UPLOADED ARE DISTINCTION GRADED.
£5.25 Preview Removesolve the exponential equations applying the equivalency property
exam questions with complete answer and explanation
£2.50 Preview RemoveComplete Guide to Retail Marketing
20 pages of compact Retail Marketing notes. Intro to Retail Marketing - multi-channel retailing, total retail experience, product-oriented company, market-oriented company, sales & marketing concept, etc. Strategic Marketing Planning for Retailing - high-end & low-end strategy, retail marketing plan, target market selection, controllable & uncontrollable strategy, ownership, retail strategy mix, etc. Customer & Retail Business - demographics, lifestyles, market segments, shopping attitudes & behaviour, consumer decision process, types of consumer decision making, types of impulse buying, etc. Management of Service & Quality - quality in retailing, gronroos 1982 servqual model, the gap (ignorance of customer's expectation, service shortfalls, etc.), characteristics of service quality, etc. Merchandise Management - merchandising philosophies, devising merchandise plans (forecast, innovation, assortments, etc.), logistics, order processing fulfillment, etc. Retail Pricing - pricing options, market segments by price sensitivity, price strategy, market skimming & penetration, odd pricing, price lining, leader pricing, segmented pricing, etc. Retail Communication & Promotion - how to build brand equity, elements of promotional mix, personal selling, sales promotion, etc. Store Location - steps to choose store location, trading area, riley's law, huff's law, types of location (isolated store, unplanned business district, etc.) Retail Distributions & Supply Chain Management - intermediary, wholesaler, manufacturer, retail logistics, administration cost, facilities cost, etc.
£3.00 Preview Removecancer
These notes on the topic cancer explain the whole topic and are complete in it self.these notes make the reader able to amswer all the questions whether they are asked by a P.G.T. teacher or an proffesor these are not standard specific but are for all the standards and all can take benefits from it.
£2.25 Preview RemoveThe American Musical
Looking at the post 1960s musical with a case study on Cabaret.
£2.50 Preview RemoveCash Flows (For Mathematics in Finance and Investments)
This will help university students studying Finance as well as Financial Mathematics, and will help them learn about how to calculate cash flows in real life situations that may arise in roles within the Finance sector.
£2.50 Preview RemoveGenetics and Principles or Evolution
This is a single review sheet created as a study guide. It reviews Mitosis and Meiosis as well as principles of evolution. There is useful info for solving first year genetics.
£2.50 Preview RemoveShip Registration-Notes and Key Pointers
Notes, pointers, and terms about ship registration. ALL YOU NEED FOR COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY STUDIES. These notes were given by a degree-certified college lecturer in Jamaica.
£3.13 Preview RemoveCH10. Graded A
CH10 1) The aggregate supply curve The total of all planned production for the entire economy is known as The long run aggregate supply curve (LRAS) also represents Long-run aggregate supply reflects The long-run aggregate supply curve is The long-run aggregate supply curve The long-run aggregate supply curve is vertical because The long-run aggregate supply curve What is measured on the vertical axis of the aggregate demand/aggregate supply model? Which of the following statements is TRUE? Long-run aggregate supply is The long-run aggregate supply curve is The long-run aggregate supply curve of an economy corresponds to If a nationʹs production possibilities curve shifts outward, we should expect its long-run aggregate supply curve to The full-employment and full-adjustment level of real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the economy is represented by A human resource such as ingenuity can be thought of as Which of the following will cause the long-run aggregate supply curve to shift? II. Changes in government spending. III. Changesinthemoneysupply. As the capital stock grows and technology improves, we would expect the long-run aggregate supply curve to The long-run aggregate supply will increase when A countryʹs long-run aggregate supply curve will shift to the left when there is (are) Over time in a growing economy, the long run aggregate supply curve will Aggregate supply is Economic growth can be depicted as An assumption on the LRAS curve is The total of all planned production for the economy is When talking about aggregate supply, it is necessary to C) distinguish between the long-run aggregate supply curve and the short-run aggregate supply curve. The real output of the economy under conditions of full employment . The full-employment level of GDP is The position of the long-run aggregate supply curve is determined by B) The long-run aggregate supply when resources are fully employed The long-run aggregate supply curve is The long run aggregate supply curve is vertical because The long-run aggregate supply curve occurs at the level of real GDP consistent with Which of the following does NOT affect the long-run aggregate supply curve? An increase in the level of prices of goods and services will do what to the long-run aggregate supply curve? The long-run aggregate supply curve is determined by all of the following EXCEPT The long-run aggregate supply curve can be thought of as the A) full-employment level of real GDP. The long-run aggregate supply curve will shift to the left when The long-run aggregate supply curve will shift outward to the right when The natural rate of unemployment will help determine Which of the following will NOT lead to a rightward shift of the long-run aggregate supply curve? Which of the following would cause the long-run aggregate supply curve to shift to the right? B) If our economy is growing at a constant rate of 5 percent per year, then over a period of 10 years we would expect to see which of the following? Economic growth can be thought of as Real GDP will increase over the long run if The aggregate supply curve cannot tell us The aggregate supply curve shows A) the total of all planned production for an economy. Aggregate supply D) is the total of all planned production in an economy. We draw the long-run aggregate supply curve as a vertical line to reflect the fact that B) changes in the price level do not alter the level of long-run real GDP after full adjustment has occurred. The level of real GDP identified by the long-run aggregate supply curve is A) the full-employment level of real GDP. What is measured on the vertical axis when we draw a graph of long -run aggregate supply? C) the price level The values on the axes of the long-run aggregate supply diagram are A) real GDP per year and the price level. When the production possibilities curve shifts outward, D) the long-run aggregate supply curve shifts to the right. What is measured on the horizontal axis when we draw a graph of the long -run aggregate supply curve? D) real GDP What causes the long-run aggregate supply curve to shift right? A) economic growth The long-run aggregate supply curve shifts right at the same time as B) the production possibilities curve shifts outward. A rightward shift of the long-run aggregate supply curve is caused by The long-run aggregate supply curve assumes that B) all factors of production are fully employed. The long-run aggregate supply curve is Long-run aggregate supply curve corresponds to B) real GDP when all resource costs have adjusted fully to a change in the price level. The slope of the long-run aggregate supply curve is D) undefined. Why is the long-run aggregate supply curve a vertical line? Long-run aggregate supply is C) the real production of goods and services after full adjustments have been made. Long-run aggregate supply and a countryʹs production possibility curve (PPC) A) are closely related. A long-run aggregate supply curve may graphically be represented as a A) vertical line. Economic growth is represented on the aggregate supply model by a B) shift in the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right. Economic growth can be shown by C) a rightward shift in the aggregate supply curve. Economic growth is demonstrated by the LRAS as it Economic growth causes the Which of these questions does aggregate demand help us answer? I. What determines the total amount of our output that individuals, firms, governments and foreigners want to buy? II. What is the economyʹs long-run real Gross Domestic Product (GDP)? III. Whatdeterminestheeconomyʹsequilibriumpricelevelandtherateofinflation? D) I and III The total level of all planned expenditures in the economy best describes B) aggregate demand. C) aggregate expenditures. All of the following explain the downward slope of the aggregate demand curve EXCEPT Other things being equal, the economyʹs aggregate demand curve shows that C) a change in the general price level causes a change in the quantity of final goods and services purchased. Aggregate demand reflects A) planned total spending in the economy. What is measured on the horizontal axis of the aggregate demand/aggregate supply model? The sum of all planned expenditures for the entire economy at each possible price level is B) aggregate demand The aggregate demand curve plots C) planned expenditures against the price level. The aggregate demand curve is usually The horizontal axis for an aggregate demand curve measures Which of the following is NOT a reason for the slope of the aggregate demand curve? At each price level, the aggregate demand curve indicates A) the total amount of real planned expenditures. The aggregate demand curve shows that, if other factors are held constant, According to the interest rate effect, an increase in the price level, if other factors are held constant, will lead to A) a reduction in total real spending on interest-rate-sensitive goods. The real-balance effect implies that when C) the price level increases, the value of money balances held by individuals, firms, government, and foreigners decreases and spending decreases. When prices increase, the real interest rate B) will increase and total planned spending on goods and services will decrease. The interest rate effect operates through A) credit markets by changing borrowing costs. When a change in the price level causes a change in the purchasing power of currency, which then changes planned real expenditures at all income levels, it is called One reason that the aggregate demand curve slopes downward is because A rise in the price level has a direct effect on spending because The real-balance effect shows that Another term for the real-balance effect is B) the wealth effect. If other factors are held constant, an increase in the price level The interest rate effect that helps explain the slope of the aggregate demand curve arises because Higher interest rates tend to A) reduce the total planned spending on goods and services. When interest rates rise, When the relative prices of U.S.-manufactured goods go up, the result is A price level increase tends to reduce net exports, thereby reducing the amount of real goods and services purchased in the United States. Economists refer to this phenomenon as If the price level increases, A) the buying power of your checking account falls. One impact of a rise in the dollarʹs value is that A) imports become cheaper for the U.S. consumer. An individual holds $10,000 in a non-interest-earning checking account, and the overall price level rises significantly. Other things being constant, we would expect A) the individualʹs real wealth to decrease and consumption to decline. A higher domestic price level should According to the interest rate effect, a decrease in the price level will When the U.S. price level falls, the open economy effect indicates that The aggregate demand curve differs from an individual demand curve in that B) the aggregate demand curve looks at the entire circular flow of income and product, while an individual demand curve looks at one good, holding everything else constant. How does aggregate demand curve (AD) differ from an individual demand curve (D)? Aggregate demand is B) the sum of all planned expenditures for the economy. The open economy effect suggests that The interest rate effect suggests that B) an increase in the price level increases the interest rate, which causes businesses and consumers to reduce desired spending. The aggregate demand curve has Which of the following explains why the aggregate demand curve is downward sloping? Suppose that along the aggregate demand curve, real GDP equals $14.2 trillion when the GDP deflator is 90. If the GDP deflator were 95, real GDP along the aggregate demand curve would equal Other things being equal, along an aggregate demand curve, a higher price level is associated with Other things being equal, the lower are planned real expenditures along an aggregate demand curve, the When the price level increases, total planned real expenditures on goods and services falls. All of the following are responsible EXCEPT Which of the following is a factor that determines the shape of the aggregate demand curve? The change in total planned real expenditures resulting from a change in the real value of money balances when the price level changes, all other things held constant, is A) the real-balance effect. The real-balance effect refers to If you have $5000 and the GDP deflator decreases from 100 to 80 B) the $5000 will buy 20 percent more of the goods and services produced by society. The wealth effect is another term for the C) the real-balance effect. Holding nominal money balances constant, a decrease in the price level An indirect effect of an increase in the price level works through D) interest rates as people borrow to maintain their money balances, bidding up interest rates and reducing total planned real expenditures. The interest rate effect is part of the reason D) the aggregate demand curve is downward sloping. Which of the following statements is true about the interest rate effect? Higher interest rates A) reduce total planned real expenditures because they increase the cost of borrowing funds. If the price level increases, then The open economy effect refers to the fact that C) the slope of the aggregate demand curve is partially explained by the reduction in the desire to buy fewer U.S. goods by U.S. residents and foreign residents as a result of a higher price level. A shift away from expenditures on domestic goods and a shift toward expenditures on foreign goods when the domestic price level increases is known as Suppose a country has no trade with other countries and people can borrow as many funds as they want at the current interest rate. An increase in the price level will generate The aggregate demand curve Which of the following is NOT true about the aggregate demand curve? Which of the following is true about how the aggregate demand curve differs from the individualʹs demand curve? What determines the total value of aggregate demand for U.S. real GDP? Which one of the following is NOT a component of aggregate demand? The total of all planned real expenditures in the economy is called The aggregate demand curve shows Which of the following is NOT an explanation for the shape of the aggregate demand curve? The downward slope of the aggregate demand curve shows that What is one implication of the real-balance effect? The open economy effect and interest rate effect are two of the reasons why The aggregate demand curve shows the The aggregate demand curve is The aggregate demand curve is The real-balance effect indicates that at higher price levels Which of the following will occur when an economyʹs price level increases? The interest rate effect shows that if the price level increases, A decrease in U.S. prices relative to European prices An increase in U.S. prices relative to Japanese prices will When the price level declines, When the price level falls, The curve that displays total planned real spending on goods and services at each price level by households, businesses, the government, and foreign residents is called Which of the following cause the aggregate demand curve to slope downward and to the right? When a higher price level generates an increase in the interest rate that induces consumers to borrow less and buy less, this chain of events is referred to as Total planned real expenditures measured along the aggregate demand curve are made up of What is measured on the vertical axis of the aggregate demand graph? What is measured on the horizontal axis on the aggregate demand graph? When expenditures change due to changes in the real value of money caused by variations in the price level, this is known as the When total planned real expenditures change due to changes in the cost of borrowing that result from variations in the price level, this is known as the When total planned real expenditures change due to the changes in net exports, this is known as the If your income stays the same and the price level increases, you will buy fewer goods and services due to the If the dollar appreciates and foreign goods become less expensive, the total planned expenditures on domestic goods and services will Which of the following would cause aggregate demand to decrease? An aggregate demand curve Which of the following statements is correct? I. When economists derive the aggregate demand curve, they are looking at the effect of the price level on one commodity only. II. Any non-price-level change that increases total planned real spending on domestic goods shifts the AD curve to the right. Europe and Asia both fall into deep economic recessions. What impact will this have on U.S. aggregate demand? An aggregate demand curve An increase in total planned real expenditures that is caused by a factor other than the price level will lead to the An increase in the money supply will cause which of the following to occur? The aggregate demand curve would shift to the right as a result of Which of the following will cause a leftward shift in the aggregate demand curve? Which one of the following would NOT increase aggregate demand? All of the following would cause the aggregate demand curve to shift EXCEPT Which of the following will NOT shift the aggregate demand curve? The aggregate demand curve will shift to the left if Which of the following will NOT shift the aggregate demand curve? An increase in the amount of money in circulation would cause a An increase in the U.S. price level causes a Which of the following would likely result in a shift of the aggregate demand curve to the right? An increase in aggregate demand is shown by Which of the following would likely result in a decrease in aggregate demand? Other things being equal, appreciation of the dollar Other things being equal, a depreciation of the dollar When investors buy more capital goods because the interest rates have fallen, the aggregate demand curve Which of the following would cause an increase in aggregate demand (AD)? Which of the following statements is correct? 1. I. A drop in the foreign exchange value of the dollar would decrease aggregate demand 2. II. A decrease in the amount of money in circulation would increase aggregate demand The shape of the aggregate demand curve does not tell us anything about how the total dollar value of spending will ultimately be divided between output and prices. For this we need To find an economyʹs long-run equilibrium price level, locate the point where and cross and look to the left. Suppose total planned expenditures equal $14.4 trillion when the value of the price level is 95. If the price level dropped to 90, total planned real expenditures will equal If you have $1,000 and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) deflator increases from 100 to 120, then A persistently declining price level resulting from economic growth and unchanged aggregate demand is called How is economic growth graphically depicted? Which of the following will result in secular deflation? Secular deflation occurs when An increase in the amount of physical capital will cause The U. S. has experienced inflation every year since 1959 due to Supply-side inflation is caused by If the economy grows steadily over several years and at the same time maintains the aggregate demand curve in its present position, then the economy will experience which of the following? Suppose the Federal Reserve implements expansionary monetary policy where the money supply increases. Which of the following will tend to occur in the long run as a result of this monetary policy action? When the price level is below the level at which the aggregate demand curve crosses the long run aggregate supply curve When the price level is below the level at which the aggregate demand curve crosses the long run aggregate supply curve, Economic growth will be associated with a constant price level when Over the last twenty years, real GDP in the U.S. economy has increased and there has been inflation. This indicates that Economic growth takes place The U.S. economy has had persistent inflation in recent decades. A possible explanation for the inflation is that In the long run, an increase in government spending, other things equal, generates The intersection of aggregate demand and long-run aggregate supply identify the price level at which total planned What would happen in an economy if total planned production exceeded total planned real expenditures? If the current price level is lower than the equilibrium price level, then it must be true that total planned If consumersʹ confidence in the economy rises, A persistent decline in the price level resulting from economic growth in the presence of stable aggregate demand is known as If aggregate demand is stable and there is economic growth, the economy will experience A rightward shift of long-run aggregate supply without any change in aggregate demand An economy experiences real growth over time with stable aggregate demand. This would likely result in Which of the following is consistent with secular deflation? If persistent inflation was due to declines in long-run aggregate supply, what pattern would be observed? In an economy in which aggregate demand is stable and a period of sustained and significant productivity growth occurs, there will be What could cause a decrease in the price level and simultaneously an increase in GDP similar to the 1920s in the United States? Long-run equilibrium will occur at the price level at which Over the past several decades, what has been true about price levels in the United States? Supply-side inflation could be caused by which of the following? If there are steady decreases in aggregate supply, the economy will experience D) supply-side inflation. What has caused persistent inflation in the United States? A) The nationʹs long-run aggregate supply curve has shifted to the left. B) Supply-side inflation C) A decrease in labor productivity *[D) None of the above] Whenever the general level of prices rises because of continual increases in aggregate demand, we say that the economy is experiencing Demand-side inflation occurs when In looking back over the past 40 years, which of the following has the U.S. economy experienced? Which of the following factors could cause the economy to experience supply-side inflation? Supply side inflation can be caused by Which of the following is the main cause of the persistent inflation that we have experienced in the United A reduction the amount of oil (a resource) will tend to cause which of the following? If there is persistent inflation, Secular deflation Which of the following is the most likely explanation for inflation in the United States? In the long run, persistent inflation in the United States is caused by For supply-side inflation to occur in the long run, Which of the following can cause supply-side inflation? Suppose that an economy is initially producing at the full-employment level of output. Now suppose there is a reduction in the money supply. Other things being equal we can expect What will be the result in a growing economy if increases in aggregate demand outpace rightward shifts of the long-run aggregate supply curve? When the economy is in long-run equilibrium, the price level adjusts so as to equate which two values with one another? What pattern would you observe in an economy in which aggregate demand is increasing but in which long-run aggregate supply remained the same? Steadily improving improvements in technology, other things being equal, will result in When the aggregate demand curve shifts than the long-run aggregate supply shifts rightward, the result will be inflation. What would likely happen to the long-run aggregate supply curve if the U.S. federal government increases marginal tax rates on wages? Which of the following would unambiguously generate inflation? If long-run economic growth is not accompanied by a change in aggregate demand, the result will be
£8.75 Preview Removearabic-english terms and sentences for students
this is the arabic-english terms and sentences for all students especially who want to study about arabic. it's good for all people that is non-arabic.
£1.90 Preview RemoveImmunology and Virology
This is the entire module notes taken from the the Immunology and Virology module in the Bsc Microbiology Course.
£10.00 Preview RemoveInternational, welfare and development economics - Economics
An introduction to international macroeconomics and development economics, covering globalisation, trade, protectionism, exchange rates, poverty and inequality, and global development. This was written for theme 4 of the Edexcel Economics A Level, but is applicable to any economics or business A Level and introductory 1st year PPE/Economics units.
£2.00 Preview RemoveBiology Unit 1 GCSE notes
a concise but detailed set of notes for biology unit 1 by AQA everything you need to achieve an A* grade
£6.24 Preview RemovePort Poliy
A investigation of the ISPS Code and its implementation in the Port of Hong Kong. Grade: B
£2.50 Preview RemoveEverything you need to know about the reactions of organic chemistry (for A Levels)
Isn't organic chemistry a pain in the neck? All the memorisation of the seemingly endless equations? This guide will be of good use to you. I've also included some tips to help you memorise some of the reactions. Ace the next organic test! Prepared for A Level students reading Chemistry.
£2.00 Preview RemoveAP Biology Chapter 17-18 Vocabulary
These notes cover Population Ecology, with terms such as: Population Density, Natality, Mortality, and Lag Phase.
£8.75 Preview RemoveBTEC Applied Science Unit 22 Assignment 1
Unit 22 : Chemical Laboratory Techniques – Assignment 1 Analytical Techniques Task 1 You have been instructed by your line manager to demonstrate practical skills you must carry out the given procedures to make and extract compounds, hydrated copper(II) sulphate, aspirin, rock salt, paracetamol – see sheets for methods, and record your data precisely and professionally. You must also determine the percentage yield for all compounds made and extracted and carry out procedures to determine the percentage purity of the hydrated copper(II) sulfate and aspirin made. Your line manager has also given you an extra task to test your knowledge and wants you to determine the atom economy for the hydrated copper(II) sulfate and aspirin made. This provides evidence for P1 & P2 Task 2 You have been asked to produce a report so that new or visiting employees in the lab can understand the science behind the practical’s you are completing. The report must outline the key scientific principles behind the methods used in task 1 – preparation of hydrated copper(II) sulphate, aspirin, rock salt and paracetamol and also describe the problems with the methods used so that future employees can improve on the methodologies. This provides evidence for M1 and M2 Task 3 Your faculty director is impressed with the work you have completed and has asked you to research and produce a presentation on how the methods could be changed to improve the yield and purity of all of the compounds made and extracted in task 1. You will be presenting your report via powerpoint and the faculty director has asked for a printed copy the slides you will use. Within your slides you must find another way of making hydrated copper (II) sulfate and another way of making aspirin. Determine the atom economies for these new methods and compare them with the atom economies for the processes you used. This provides evidence for D1 Exam board is Pearson ALL ASSIGNMENTS I HAVE UPLOADED ARE DISTINCTION GRADED.
£6.24 Preview RemovePolicing - TWOK (Taking a conveyance)
A detailed and extensive set of notes on TWOK and any related offences , taken from my Policing course, it covers all required aspects of it in UK law and policing
£1.50 Preview RemoveCustomer service level 2 unit 1
Customer service Level 2 unit 1 assessment answers to all questions. This unit was completely passed by the tutor.
£10.00 Preview RemoveProperty rights in land notes (Scottish Law) 2015/16
Full notes for the entire module. Includes key cases and descriptions. Based off of the course at Robert Gordon University. 52 pages.
£5.00 Preview RemoveMeiji Restoration and Reform (IB History HL, Paper 3, East-Asia 2)
Notes and past-paper essay plans.
£1.50 Preview Remove(CIEGeography9696) iA2 Production, Location and Change (Case Studies)
This document contains Case Study revision notes for the "Production, Location and Change" topic from section "Advanced Human Geography Options." (Cambridge International AS and A level Geography) (These case studies are suitable for CIE Geography A2 Level Human paper this June) Syllabus 9696
£3.44 Preview RemoveMy Country and My People Poem Analysis
Power Point Presentation describing the literary aspects of the poem My county and My people, including all the analytical aspects needed for a GCSE style essay.
£1.50 Preview RemoveNutritional Requirements for a Ring Tailed Lemur
Studying level 3 Zoology and Collection I had to learn about the nutritional requirements of a zoo animal and I decided to pick a Ring Tailed Lemur. This file includes: - An introduction of the Ring Tailed Lemur - What a balanced diet is - Nutritional requirements of a Ring Tailed Lemur - How zoo keepers provide the nutrients they need - Providing food as enrichment - Factors that effect nutritional requirements (life stage, gender, season of the year, health status) - Supplement requirements
£2.50 Preview RemoveFULL CONCEPT FOR C++ PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
Fundamentals 1 Development and Properties of C++ 2 Object-Oriented Programming 4 Developing a C++ Program 6 A Beginner’s C++ Program 8 Structure of Simple C++ Programs 10 Exercises 12 Solutions 14 Chapter 2 Fundamental Types, Constants, and Variables 15 Fundamental Types 16 Constants 22 Escape Sequences 26 Names 28 Variables 30 The Keywords const and volatile 32 Exercises 34 Solutions 36 contents Chapter 3 Using Functions and Classes 39 Declaring Functions 40 Function Calls 42 Type void for Functions 44 Header Files 46 Standard Header Files 48 Using Standard Classes 50 Exercises 52 Solutions 54 Chapter 4 Input and Output with Streams 57 Streams 58 Formatting and Manipulators 60 Formatted Output of Integers 62 Formatted Output of Floating-Point Numbers 64 Output in Fields 66 Output of Characters, Strings, and Boolean Values 68 Formatted Input 70 Formatted Input of Numbers 72 Unformatted Input/Output 74 Exercises 76 Solutions 78 Chapter 5 Operators for Fundamental Types 81 Binary Arithmetic Operators 82 Unary Arithmetic Operators 84 Assignments 86 Relational Operators 88 Logical Operators 90 Exercises 92 Solutions 94 Chapter 6 Control Flow 95 The while Statement 96 The for Statement 98 The do-while Statement 102 Selections with if-else 104 Else-if Chains 106 Conditional Expressions 108 Selecting with switch 110 Jumps with break, continue, and goto 112 Exercises 114 Solutions 116 xii ■ CONTENTS Chapter 7 Symbolic Constants and Macros 119 Macros 120 Macros with Parameters 122 Working with the #define Directive 124 Conditional Inclusion 126 Standard Macros for Character Manipulation 128 Redirecting Standard Input and Output 130 Exercises 132 Solutions 134 Chapter 8 Converting Arithmetic Types 139 Implicit Type Conversions 140 Performing Usual Arithmetic Type Conversions 142 Implicit Type Conversions in Assignments 144 More Type Conversions 146 Exercises 148 Solutions 150 Chapter 9 The Standard Class string 153 Defining and Assigning Strings 154 Concatenating Strings 156 Comparing Strings 158 Inserting and Erasing in Strings 160 Searching and Replacing in Strings 162 Accessing Characters in Strings 164 Exercises 166 Solutions 168 Chapter 10 Functions 171 Significance of Functions in C++ 172 Defining Functions 174 Return Value of Functions 176 Passing Arguments 178 Inline Functions 180 Default Arguments 182 Overloading Functions 184 Recursive Functions 186 Exercises 188 Solutions 191 Chapter 11 Storage Classes and Namespaces 197 Storage Classes of Objects 198 The Storage Class extern 200 CONTENTS ■ xiii The Storage Class static 202 The Specifiers auto and register 204 The Storage Classes of Functions 206 Namespaces 208 The Keyword using 210 Exercises 212 Solutions 216 Chapter 12 References and Pointers 221 Defining References 222 References as Parameters 224 References as Return Value 226 Expressions with Reference Type 228 Defining Pointers 230 The Indirection Operator 232 Pointers as Parameters 234 Exercises 236 Solutions 238 Chapter 13 Defining Classes 243 The Class Concept 244 Defining Classes 246 Defining Methods 248 Defining Objects 250 Using Objects 252 Pointers to Objects 254 Structs 256 Unions 258 Exercise 260 Solution 262 Chapter 14 Methods 265 Constructors 266 Constructor Calls 268 Destructors 270 Inline Methods 272 Access Methods 274 const Objects and Methods 276 Standard Methods 278 this Pointer 280 Passing Objects as Arguments 282 Returning Objects 284 Exercises 286 Solutions 290 xiv ■ CONTENTS Chapter 15 Member Objects and Static Members 297 Member Objects 298 Member Initializers 300 Constant Member Objects 302 Static Data Members 304 Accessing Static Data Members 306 Enumeration 308 Exercises 310 Solutions 314 Chapter 16 Arrays 321 Defining Arrays 322 Initializing Arrays 324 Arrays 326 Class Arrays 328 Multidimensional Arrays 330 Member Arrays 332 Exercises 334 Solutions 338 Chapter 17 Arrays and Pointers 349 Arrays and Pointers (1) 350 Arrays and Pointers (2) 352 Pointer Arithmetic 354 Arrays as Arguments 356 Pointer Versions of Functions 358 Read-Only Pointers 360 Returning Pointers 362 Arrays of Pointers 364 Command Line Arguments 366 Exercises 368 Solutions 372 Chapter 18 Fundamentals of File Input and Output 379 Files 380 File Streams 382 Creating File Streams 384 Open Modes 386 Closing Files 388 Reading and Writing Blocks 390 Object Persistence 392 Exercises 394 Solutions 398 CONTENTS ■ xv Chapter 19 Overloading Operators 411 Generals 412 Operator Functions (1) 414 Operator Functions (2) 416 Using Overloaded Operators 418 Global Operator Functions 420 Friend Functions 422 Friend Classes 424 Overloading Subscript Operators 426 Overloading Shift-Operators for I/O 428 Exercises 430 Solutions 432 Chapter 20 Type Conversion for Classes 441 Conversion Constructors 442 Conversion Functions 444 Ambiguities of Type Conversions 446 Exercise 448 Solution 450 Chapter 21 Dynamic Memory Allocation 453 The Operator new 454 The Operator delete 456 Dynamic Storage Allocation for Classes 458 Dynamic Storage Allocation for Arrays 460 Application: Linked Lists 462 Representing a Linked List 464 Exercises 466 Solutions 468 Chapter 22 Dynamic Members 477 Members of Varying Length 478 Classes with a Dynamic Member 480 Creating and Destroying Objects 482 Implementing Methods 484 Copy Constructor 486 Assignment 488 Exercises 490 Solutions 492 Chapter 23 Inheritance 499 Concept of Inheritance 500 Derived Classes 502 xvi ■ CONTENTS Members of Derived Classes 504 Member Access 506 Redefining Members 508 Constructing and Destroying Derived Classes 510 Objects of Derived Classes 512 Protected Members 514 Exercises 516 Solutions 520 Chapter 24 Type Conversion in Class Hierarchies 529 Converting to Base Classes 530 Type Conversions and Assignments 532 Converting References and Pointers 534 Explicit Type Conversions 536 Exercises 538 Solutions 540 Chapter 25 Polymorphism 543 Concept of Polymorphism 544 Virtual Methods 546 Destroying Dynamically Allocated Objects 548 Virtual Method Table 550 Dynamic Casts 552 Exercises 554 Solutions 558 Chapter 26 Abstract Classes 565 Pure Virtual Methods 566 Abstract and Concrete Classes 568 Pointers and References to Abstract Classes 570 Virtual Assignment 572 Application: Inhomogeneous Lists 574 Implementing an Inhomogeneous List 576 Exercises 578 Solutions 580 Chapter 27 Multiple Inheritance 587 Multiply-Derived Classes 588 Multiple Indirect Base Classes 590 Virtual Base Classes 592 Constructor Calls 594 Initializing Virtual Base Classes 596 Exercises 598 Solutions 602 CONTENTS ■ xvii Chapter 28 Exception Handling 607 Traditional Error Handling 608 Exception Handling 610 Exception Handlers 612 Throwing and Catching Exceptions 614 Nesting Exception Handling 616 Defining Your Own Error Classes 618 Standard Exception Classes 620 Exercises 622 Solutions 626 Chapter 29 More About Files 637 Opening a File for Random Access 638 Positioning for Random Access 640 File State 644 Exception Handling for Files 646 Persistence of Polymorphic Objects 648 Application: Index Files 652 Implementing an Index File 654 Exercises 656 Solutions 660 Chapter 30 More About Pointers 681 Pointer to Pointers 682 Variable Number of Arguments 684 Pointers to Functions 688 Complex Declarations 690 Defining Typenames 692 Application: Dynamic Matrices 694 Exercises 696 Solutions 698 Chapter 31 Manipulating Bits 705 Bitwise Operators 706 Bitwise Shift Operators 708 Bit Masks 710 Using Bit Masks 712 Bit-Fields 714 Exercises 716 Solutions 718 Chapter 32 Templates 721 Function and Class Templates 722 Defining Templates 724 xviii ■ CONTENTS Template Instantiation 726 Template Parameters 728 Template Arguments 730 Specialization 732 Default Arguments of Templates 734 Explicit Instantiation 736 Exercises 738 Solutions 742 Chapter 33 Containers 749 Container Types 750 Sequences 752 Iterators 754 Declaring Sequences 756 Inserting in Sequences 758 Accessing Objects 760 Length and Capacity 762 Deleting in Sequences 764 List Operations 766 Associative Containers 768 Sets and Multisets 770 Maps and Multimaps 772 Bitsets 774 Exercise 778 Solution 780
£6.25 Preview Remove