Notesale: Turn your study into money

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Best notes ever from the 2016 Hundred batch
Equations:
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...
Velocity​
(m/s) ​acceleration​
=
(m/s^2)​ time​
x
(s)
3
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Force​ ​ acceleration​
(N) =
(m/s^2)​ mass​
x
(Kg)
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Momentum​ m/s)​ mass​ ​ velocity​
(kg
=
(Kg) x
(m/s)
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Moment​ ​ force​ ​ distance from pivot​
(Nm) =
(N) x
(m)
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GPE​​ mass​ ​gravity​
(J) =
(Kg) x
(N/Kg)​ height​
x
(m)
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Work done​​ force​ ​ distance​
(J) =
(N) x
(m)
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E
...
Useful output​​ efficiency​​ total input​
(J) =
(J) x
(J)
15
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Power​ ​ current​
(W) =
(amps)​ voltage​
x
(volts)
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Voltage​
(volts)​ current​
=
(amps)​ resistance​ )
x
(Ω
19
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n = sin ​i​sin ​​
θ /
θr
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6N/Kg on the moon

Types of energy (mnemonic)
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Thermal
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Sound
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Chemical
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Nuclear
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Electromagnetic waves
Acronym (descending order) :​
Gate X Usually Lets In Most Radiation
Radio waves
Uses​Broadcasting, Communication, Satellite transmissions
:
Dangers​N/A
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Microwaves
Uses​Cooking, Communications, Satellite transmissions
:
Dangers​Causes internal heating of body tissues, Causes burns
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Infrared
Uses​Cooking, Thermal imaging, Short range communications, Optical fibres,
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Television
remote controls,
Dangers​High intensity causes burns in the skin and in the retina
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Visible light

Uses​Vision, illumination, Photography
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Dangers​Very bright light can damage the retina
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Ultraviolet
Uses​Detecting forged bank notes, Disinfecting water, Security marking, Fluorescent
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lamps
Dangers​Causes sunburn and Snow blindness
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X-rays
Uses​Medical X-rays, Airport security cameras
:
Dangers​Damage cells, Causes cell mutations (may lead to cancer) and cell death
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Gamma rays
Uses​Sterilising medical equipments, Detecting cancer cells and treating them
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Dangers​Damage cells, Causes mutations (may lead to cancer) and cell death
:
Total internal reflection
> ​hen light goes from a denser medium to a less dense medium
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> Efficient as the loss of energy is almost negligible
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Astronomy - Creds to the best acronym inventor
My pal phus sounds asian every coming Sunday
Aye tam

M​
oons orbit ​anets
p​
l
P​
lanets orbit the ​ n
s​
u
A​
rtificial ​ tellites orbit ​ rth
s​
a
E​
a

C​
omets orbit the ​ n
s​
u
Plugs and cables
Neutral (blue
Earth (green / yellow)
Live (brown)
Waves
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2
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Wavelength:​ distance between
The
corresponding points in the wave - one crest
to another in a wavelength
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Mirage formation in desert / hot tar roads

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The critical angle for the ray of light travelling from diamond to air is relatively low
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Therefore, most of the incident rays suffer total internal reflection
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The incident ray travels to every face of the diamond and is totally internally
reflected
at the different faces before it can escape the diamond
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The ray of light gets trapped within the diamond for some time and causes it to
sparkle
...
Explain why rays of light inside a diamond are more likely to be totally
internally reflected than those inside an opal
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Larger refractive index means smaller critical angle
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When incident ray is > critical angle, total internal reflection occurs
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Diamond has many faces, so the light is trapped inside the diamond, where it is
totally internally reflected several times, before light goes out of the diamond
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Explain why it is difficult to make the surrounding area safe again after a
serious nuclear accident
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Radioactivity is dangerous and harmful to the body
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Radioactive material mixing with the environment
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g
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Explain why
the water starts to flow and then stops
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There is a pressure difference in both containers when water flows in the pipe
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When the water flow has stopped, there is a pressure equality on both containers
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[4 marks]
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> Keeps the body warm / Less cooling effect
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[5 marks]

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Stand at a known distance away, e
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50m, from a wall and time how long it takes
for the echo to come back
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Have a partner facing away from you, about 100m away, and start the timer when
you make a sound
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When they hear the sound, they turn around and stop the timer
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Explain how scientist can use this radioactivity to find the age of a
piece of granite
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Measure the activity of the uranium isotope now
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Compare the activity of the uranium isotope now to the original isotope’s activity
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Hence, work out the number of half-life’s that has passed
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Using the half-life calculated, find the age of the rock
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Use ideas about force to explain how a falling object can reach terminal
velocity
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Weight acts on the object because gravity pulls the object down
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There is a drag of force to oppose the movement
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> Therefore, the resultant force is 0
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At this point, acceleration = 0
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Describe how the students could find out if the ball reaches terminal
velocity as it falls through the tube filled with oil
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Use a timer / stop-clock
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Need a ruler or a measuring tape to

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For a set amount of time, for example 2 seconds
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Repeat measuring the readings lower down
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Use the equation, speed = distance / time to find the velocity
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Describe how an earth wire acts as a safety feature
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The earth wire is connected to the metal casing surrounding it
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If the live wire touches the metal casing,
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> The pollen grains move in a random, rapid, continuous motion
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This is because they collide with smaller invincible particles
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Explain how nuclear fission can lead to a chain reaction
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The neutrons are absorbed by other radioactive nuclei
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Drag force acts on the object
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As a result, this creates an unbalanced force
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Therefore, the ball decelerates
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g
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