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Title: engineering drawing IIT Delhi notes part 1
Description: Engineering drawing notes for complete beginner.
Description: Engineering drawing notes for complete beginner.
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MCP 100 Engineering Visualization & Communication
L – T – P
0 – 0 ‐ 3
“Lecture” time: Monday 9:30 am‐11 am and 3:30 pm – 5 pm
Venue: LH325
Coordinator: Sujeet Kumar Sinha (Office: III 365)
Other faculties: (for practicals: Prof
...
Subodh V
...
Raj K
...
Naresh V
...
Saurabh Kapoor and Mrs Rachna Joshi (Abhinava Chatterjee)
Teaching Assistants:
Time
Practicals:
Venue
10 am – 1 pm
WS204
2 pm – 5 pm
WS204
Marking pattern
Weekly tests (starting from 2nd week): 35%
Minor 1: 15%
Minor 2: 15%
Major : 35%
Attendance policy: Institute rule will apply; i
...
any student with attendance less than 75%
(including lecture and practical classes) will get one grade less than what he would have got in this
course otherwise
...
For all communications, you may send me e‐mail at sks@mech
...
ac
...
In your communications, I would be happy if you avoid addressing me with the word
‘Sir’
...
TOPIC
1
Introduction to Sketching concepts
2
Principles of Orthographic Projections and views
3
Principles of Axonometric projections and Development of
Isometric
4
Dimensioning of Orthographic Views
5
Sectioning in Orthographic views and assembly drawings
LABORATORY OUTLINE
MODULE NO
...
contd
...
TOPIC
6
Using a CAD package to construct solid models
and generating orthographic, isometric, sectional
views with dimensioning
...
D
...
” – American Engineers’ Council for Professional Development
Engineering is the discipline, art and profession of acquiring and applying technical, scientific and mathematical knowledge to design and implement
materials, structures, machines, devices, systems, and processes that safely realize a desired objective or invention
...
Big picture thinkers
Good communicators
work in testing, production, or maintenance
Innovators and creative thinkers
use creativity to help the world
Create things, explore new possibilities, innovate at every step
Designing, building and maintaining things are the essence of engineering
Design is the first step for most of the engineering endeavour
Design is the process of creative thinking, innovation, planning, communicating, documenting of something that
has not existed before or in the new form
...
Other parties may have an interest in design collaboration, procurement / purchasing, costing,
manufacturing, quality control, marketing, handling / packaging
...
To enable us to communicate our designs / sketches to colleagues/clients for review
...
To include our design / sketches as part of a proposal for client / management approval and review
...
To prepare a document that can be used by all concerned during the manufacture and during the
operation/maintenance of the machine or infrastructure
To keep the drawings as legal document
Consider the following text for “V” block
(1) The “V” block is to be made of cast iron and machined on all surfaces
...
A V‐shaped cut having an inclined angle of 90o is to be made through the entire length of the block
...
The V‐cut is to begin 6 mm from the outside
edges
...
(2) A fixture, having overall length 150 mm, consists of a rectangular block 75 mm high, 44 mm long and 100 mm wide
...
It is 38 mm
each side of the center at the top surface and is 45° to this surface
...
It has a 25mm thick by 100mm wide flange protruding from the 100mm face of the block with the lower surfaces aligned
...
(1)
(2)
Conclusion: Technical Drawing compared to Written Description, offers far better idea about
the Shape, Size & Appearance of any machine/structure, that too in quite a less time
...
32 meter diameter at the base and
2
...
It has inside stair with 379 steps
...
2 meter high with lower diameter of 420 mm and upper diameter
of 336 mm
Engineering Complexity and Ingenuity
ENGINEERING DRAWING
• Art of representing objects or forms on a surface by means of lines
• Created in accordance with standard convention for layout,
nomenclature, interpretation, appearance, size etc
...
Drawing Sheet Layout
Fig
...
2‐2, Bhatt
Space for other texts
List of parts or the bill of materials
Explanations
References
Fig 1
...
1
...
35, Agarwal
Drawing sheet folding marks
Fig 2‐4, 2‐5 Bhutt
Scales and Scale Drawing
Fig
...
14a, Giesecks
Dimension on the drawing sheet
of the object
Representative Fraction, RF =
Corresponding actual dimension
of the object
If 1 cm on the drawing board represents 1 m in actual
dimension, then RF will be 1/100
Table 2‐3 Bhutt
Scales are of different types
Fig
...
4‐, Bhatt
(a) Plain scales
(b) Diagonal scale
(c) Vernier scale
(d) Scale of chord
Fig
...
4‐25, Bhatt
Sheet Size
A4 Tracing sheets for Sketching
...
2 Agrawal
Table 3‐2 Bhutt
...
Fig 2
...
6, Agrawal
Various types of lines (nomenclature)
Fig
...
7 Giesecke
Fig
...
7 Giesecke, continued…
Fig 3
...
2, 3
...
Main titles are generally in 6 mm to 8 mm size
Sub‐title are written in 3 mm to 6 mm
Notes and dimension figures in 3‐5 mm
Inclined letters lean to the write at 75o with the horizontal
Capital letters are always preferred
Lettering should be done in such that it can be read from
bottom or right hand side of the drawing sheet
...
2
...
21 Giesecke
Fig
...
Geometrical construction
General methods for drawing plane geometrical shapes and their treatments
Bisecting a line, drawing a perpendicular to a line,
For example:
Dividing a line into any number of equal parts
Bisecting an angle, dividing a circle into equal parts,
Finding centre of an arc etc
...
Draw a line AB
2
...
Follow the above with B as the centre and using the same radius
...
Now, connect the two intersection point above and below AB
E
5
...
The bisector
also passes through the centre of the arc
2
...
Let AB any line and P any point on it
2
...
Now draw two arcs above the line AB with radius greater than the
length of CP with C and D as the centres
...
4
...
2 Bhutt
To draw a perpendicular on a line from a point outside of the line
To divide a line in equal parts
5’
6’
C
7’
4’
3’
2’
1’
B
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
...
Draw another line AC inclined at an angle (say 30o) to AB
3
...
Draw a line connecting 7’ and B and designate it7’7
...
Now draw lines parallel to 7’7 from points 6’, 5’ and so on
...
as shown
above
...
Now the line AB has been divided into 7 parts
...
Given a circle of radius R
...
Draw a horizontal line AB and a vertical line CD, both passing through the centre of the circle
...
With A as the centre and same radius as that of the circle, draw an arc on the upper and lower halves of the
circle at 2 and 10
...
Do the same for points B, C and D
4
...
The drawing are made
based on the principles of projection
...
It is a multi‐view projection system
Fig 7
...
7
...
7
...
7
...
7
...
7
...
7
...
7
...
8‐3 Bhutt
First angle and third angle
projections
Fig
...
Assuming that this object is lying
in the first quadrant, draw its front, top and side views
...
V
...
H
...
V
...
H
...
P
...
P
...
a’o = Aa
Fig 9‐1 Bhutt
A point in the 3rd quadrant
A point in the 2nd quadrant
Fig
...
Line joining the top view and the front view of a point is always
perpendicular to the reference line xy
...
When a point is above the H
...
, its front view is always above xy
and vise versa
3
...
P
...
P
...
The distance of a point from the
V
...
is shown by the length of the projector from its top view to xy, e
...
ao
etc
...
When a point is in a reference plane, its projection on the other
reference plane is in xy
Examples:
Draw the following points
(a) Point A is 30 mm below the H
...
and 60 mm in front of the V
...
P
...
P
...
Its shortest distance from the intersection point of
H
...
P
...
P
...
P
...
P
...
P
...
P
...
P
...
9‐7 Bhutt
Visualizing the Auxiliary Vertical Plane (A
...
P
...
9‐8 Bhutt
PROJECTIONS (FV & TV) of straight lines
...
There are horizontal trace and vertical
trace
...
A vertical line ( LINE PERPENDICULAR TO HP & // TO VP)
2
...
3
...
4
...
5
...
56
For Tv
(Pictorial Presentation)
a’
A
1
...
P
...
Y
a’
Fv
b’
X
Y
B
TV
ab
Tv
X
Orthographic
Pattern
(Pictorial Presentation)
For Tv
2
...
P
...
P
...
L
...
P
...
b’
A Line inclined to Hp
and
parallel to Vp
V
...
Fv inclined to xy
Tv parallel to xy
...
V
...
P
...
A Line inclined to Vp
and
parallel to Hp
(Pictorial presentation)
V
...
Tv inclined to xy
Fv parallel to xy
...
P
...
b’
A Line inclined to both
H
...
and V
...
b’
(Pictorial presentation)
B
B
α
α
Y
On removal of object
i
...
Line AB
Fv as a image on Vp
...
V
...
V
...
P
...
a
β
Note These Facts:‐
Both Fv & Tv are inclined to xy
...
(No view shows True Length)
TV
H
...
b
59
PROJECTION OF RECTANGLE
Oblique plane
SURFACE PARALLEL TO HP
SURFACE INCLINED TO HP
ONE SMALL SIDE INCLINED TO VP
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION
ORTHOGRAPHIC
FV‐ Inclined to XY
TV‐ Reduced Shape
ORTHOGRAPHIC
FV‐ Apparent Shape
TV‐Previous Shape
ORTHOGRAPHIC
TV‐True Shape
FV‐ Line // to xy
VP
VP
VP
d1’
a1’
a’
b’
a
d
a1
d1
b
HP
d’
c’
c
b1
c1
HP
HP
b1’
c1’
A 70 mm long line pq has its end A 20 mm above H
...
The line is perpendicular to the H
...
and 30
mm in front of the V
...
Draw its projections and locate the traces
...
9
...
P
...
P
...
P
...
Prob 10‐1, Bhutt (p199)
q’
P’
x
25
y
p
30o
1
...
q
2
...
Project p to p’ and q to q’ on the reference line xy
...
Line inclined to both the planes
Prob 10‐8 Bhutt p
...
P
...
P
...
P
...
P
...
Assume AB to be parallel to the V
...
and inclined to
the H
...
at 30o to the H
...
, draw its front view as ab’ and
projects its top view ab
...
2
...
Draw pq as the loci of the front view
...
Assuming AB to be parallel to the H
...
and inclined at
45o to the V
...
, draw its top view ab1 equal to AB
...
With a as the centre and ab’1 as
the radius draw an arc
...
pq cuts the arc of ab’1 radius at b’2
...
rs cuts the arc of radius ab at
b2
...
Fig
...
32 Bhutt
Title: engineering drawing IIT Delhi notes part 1
Description: Engineering drawing notes for complete beginner.
Description: Engineering drawing notes for complete beginner.