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Kate Nicholls

What are the advantages and
disadvantages of tourism?
Tourism brings a considerable amount of foreign currency to a country, this currency is
necessary for the destination countries to pay for the goods and services they import from
overseas
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The advantages of tourism are fairly wide spread over the world, which is why the tourist
industry continues to thrive to this date
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The disadvantages are equally widespread but less obvious than the advantages of tourism
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Tourism is a multiplier effect, this means that it is an expanding economic activity, in a
region, that creates new employment and increases the amount of money circulating in that
region
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It works by tourists creating demand for better
infrastructure such as roads, hotels and leisure facilities; better infrastructure means more
tourists and therefore more jobs and ultimately more money
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The tourism industry acts as a stimulus
for economic growth in many LEDC's and is a rejuvenating force for many countries in the
more economically developed world
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These items
have a government tax included in the price
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This means that the
government has more money to spend on the infrastructure and amenities
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Tourism decreases rural – urban migration for a number of reasons, the first of which
being that major cities tend to benefit largely from tourism, as shown in Britton’s enclave
model of tourism; this means that much of the tourist industry is built up around this area
and this can result in overcrowding and urban build-up this can dissuade people from
migrating as it is far more pleasant in rural locations
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Especially if there are main attractions nearby
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This provides many jobs in rural
areas
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This means that there is a high capital investment in tourism amenities
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They spend more money and increase the local
economy
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Tourism can create openings for small businesses, this is particularly important in LEDCs;
this is because tourism has the most significant economic effect on the less economically
developed world
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An example of this can be seen in St
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An example of an MEDC that benefits from tourism is France
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In 2007, 81
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This amount of visitors was surpassed the actual
population of the country
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Many people use France main land as route to go between the
countries like Spain and Italy
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France has a great diversity of resources
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France is the only European country with Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts, and also has
two mountain ranges, the Alps and the Pyrenees
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Originally the main resources were the coasts, where beach tourism developed
in the nineteenth century, and those resources based around heritage, arts and crafts which
represent the origins of urban tourism and cultural tourism
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Kate Nicholls

The first of the host of disadvantages of tourism are Leakages
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For example, should a tourist choose to plan their
holiday with a travel agency, the agency will want to benefit as much as possible and so will
offer hotels and resorts that they own
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This
problem is most prominent in LEDCs
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exploit LEDCs and take the majority of the profit back to their own economy,
therefore limiting the impact which tourism could have upon the economic development of
some LEDC's
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In Menorca seasonal
employment is a big problem; because employment fluctuates at different times of the year,
many locals suffer from unemployment and struggle to produce an income when there is a
drop in the number of tourists to the country
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In the winter it is far less busy and fewer staff are
needed so many lose their jobs
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This stops the vast majority of locals from being able to secure a
permanent job
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Tourism increases the country’s fiscal deficit by spending more money on capital
investment
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In addition to this there is a
general trend in which money must be diverted from other sectors for such costs; for
instance health care and education provision
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These are resources such as water and electricity
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Locations can become over-dependant on tourism which causes big problems if visitor
numbers fall
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Lucia their economy has shifted so that instead of being dependant on
their own banana farms and agriculture they are almost completely dependent on tourism
for their income
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This presents the problem of leakage as previously stated
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There is also a problem with the environment that is created by tourism
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In the Lake District (UK) there
have been countless arguments over the damage done to local ecosystems and habitats,
caused by tourists making excessive amounts of noise pollution and litter
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In Menorca some of the earliest hotels
which were built did not fit in with the local landscape and contrast dramatically against the
beauty of the natural coastline
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If we look at Doxey’s model of irritation we can see the
effect of tourists on the locals attitude as tourism develops in the area
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However, as tourism develops through time, it takes over the local
culture and problems and conflicts develop over issues such as mistreatment of property
and litter pollution
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We have seen this occur in
countries such as Jamaica where tourists must remain within the resorts for their own
safety
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