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Title: Strengths and Weaknesses of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
Description: These notes are written in an essay format aimed at helping you to prepare for essay exams. This document answers the prompt: "What are the strengths and weaknesses of cognitive behavioural therapy?". This essay uses examples from the literature and citations throughout. It reviews efficacy, manualization of treatment, and CBT’s key interventional strategy (behavioural experiments). Limitations of this therapeutic approach are critically evaluated. This study guide was formulated in preparation for the Psychological Therapies final exam in the Mental Health Studies Masters programme at King's College London. Though geared toward a postgraduate audience, the concepts are well outlined and would be suitable for an undergraduate.

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Strengths and Weakness of CBT

Intro
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, pioneered by Beck (1964), is a goal-oriented therapeutic

intervention based on the cognitive model which states that it is not a situation in and of itself that

determines what people feel, but rather how they construe, think about, a situation
...
This essay will expound upon the strengths

and weaknesses of CBT by discussing efficacy, manualization of treatment, and CBT’s key

interventional strategy (behavioural experiments)
...
A recent meta-analysis of

106 meta-analyses showed the strongest support exists for CBT for anxiety disorders, somatoform

disorders, bulimia, anger control problems, and general stress (Hofmann et al
...
While CBT for

psychosis appears to have little effect on relapse or hospital admission, findings suggest that it yields

beneficial effect on secondary outcomes such as negative and positive symptoms ((Wykes et al
...
Furthermore, Hofmann et al
...
While this lack of differentiation may

seem like a weakness, meta-analyses of economic research on psychotherapies suggest that CBT is

the most cost-effective treatment (Myhr et al
...


While CBT has been shown to be as effective as antidepressants (Butler & Beck, 2000) and a

promising adjunct to antipsychotics (Zimmerman et al
...
A therapist can help and advise, but cannot make

someone's problems go away without the patient's co-operation (NHS Choices, 2010)
...
(2015) found that psychological therapies were less effective for mild difficulties and

more efficacious for severe presentations; this produces a conundrum for therapists who would best

benefit the patients that are too anergic or amotivated to attend therapy
...
With the increasing availability of such information to the public, including the

Internet, it is conceivable that patients’ hope and faith in the efficacy of CBT has decreased

somewhat, in recent decades leading to the observed decrease
...
Treatment fidelity, the

degree to which treatment is implemented as intended, is facilitated by the use of a treatment

manual (Moncher & Prinz, 1991)
...
Moreover, treatment fidelity is essential for the

evaluation of an intervention
...


However, this does not leave room for examining childhood and personal history despite the

link between mental illness and childhood trauma (Jansen et al
...
Since CBT has comparable

benefits to other psychotherapies (Barth et al
...


Indeed, it has been shown that psychotherapies can cause lasting harm (Crawford et al
...


Behavioural Experiments
Behavioural experiments (BEs) are experiential activities undertaken in or between sessions

that are unique to CBT and warrant specific mention
...
, 2004)
...
This creates a much

deeper level of information processing (Wright et al
...
Adult learning theories stress the

importance of both experience and reflection in creating the most effective learning experiences

(e
...
Kolb’s learning cycle- (Kolb, 1984))
...
Evidence supports this, finding Bes to be superior to exposure

(McMillan & Lee, 2010; Salkovskis et al, 2007)
...
, 2009)? This is a

philosophical debate in the field, centred on the pledge to do no harm, and the question of whether

the end justifies the means (evoking anxiety)
...
, 2004), which may suggest that

other techniques are necessary to minimize potential harm
...
However, its efficacy has been declining over time, its

rigid structure may make it inappropriate for use in complex presentations, and the ethics of one of

its key techniques is questioned in the field
...



Title: Strengths and Weaknesses of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
Description: These notes are written in an essay format aimed at helping you to prepare for essay exams. This document answers the prompt: "What are the strengths and weaknesses of cognitive behavioural therapy?". This essay uses examples from the literature and citations throughout. It reviews efficacy, manualization of treatment, and CBT’s key interventional strategy (behavioural experiments). Limitations of this therapeutic approach are critically evaluated. This study guide was formulated in preparation for the Psychological Therapies final exam in the Mental Health Studies Masters programme at King's College London. Though geared toward a postgraduate audience, the concepts are well outlined and would be suitable for an undergraduate.