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CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTINGS
I
...
The remarkable growing
population of vehicles in Koronadal City has a great impact to the society, particularly
employees and students due to traffic
...
Why? Because efficient operation of both the economy and school systems
requires that people work, go to school, and even run errands during about the same
hours so they can interact with each other
...
The same problem exists in every major
metropolitan area in the world
...
Vehicles and people increased in an
alarming rate that cause traffic congestion
...
About 2012 everything seems to change a lot, roads are
getting crowded and overpopulation is slightly appearing
...
Koronadal city's population is
increasing at a large number and traffic is the outcome
...
It’s just a matter of fact that Koronadal City is in the state of
changing
...
As of 2016 you
could really notice the flow of traffic especially in the road in front of the Mall at Gensan
Drive, Public Market, Cathedral, Round ball and other roads located at the center of
Marbel is really getting worst
...
Despite all of that we Koronadaleneos are adapting to
the changing environment of the city and continue to live the life at Koronadal City even
though we are being affected by the traffic, still it does not stop us down and find ways
to continue our daily routine
...


STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study deals with the effect of traffic congestion due to the rising population

of vehicles in City of Koronadal
...
What are the effects of the traffic congestion in the City of Koronadal?
2

2
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What are the contributions of the local government in minimizing the traffic
congestion?
4
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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Traffic congestion has a direct effect on our quality of life since most people

suffer from the daily inconvenience of traffic pollution, traffic delay and traffic costs
...
The results of the
current project will help to formulate policy recommendations to improve traffic system
in the Koronadal City, to obtain peaceful, comfortable, sustainable and economical
traffic system
...

Students
...
For this they can make a basis for their plans to
be not involved on this kind of situation in order to go on their school as early as their
time
...
This study will give and provide them information about that why a lot
of their students always being late when entering to their classrooms
...


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Employees
...

Public Personnel
...

Commuters
...
These learning will serve for them as a guide on going to any place in Koronadal
City
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Drivers
...
By this they can aim selfawareness on what happening behind this city particularly in traffic congestion that
mostly happened in urban/public places
...
This study will motivate them to integrate a new implementation
in order to lessen the number of vehicles to make the traffic more convenient
...


SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
The respondents are the chosen citizens of Koronadal City mainly the

commuters, students, government employees and traffic officers
...

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The study focused on the data based on questionnaires gathered from the
respondents and to the data that the city office has
...
Results derived from this research are applicable to every
Koronadaleneos who wants to aid this problem and to everyone who has the same
condition as well
...


FOREIGN LITERATURE
Muller and Laird (2006) states that, road congestion is viewed as impact affecting
travelers, nature and economy in general, yet there is little confirmation on what the full
expenses of traffic congestion are
...
Firstly, congestion in Scotland
was condensed endless supply of the Scottish Household Survey information
...
The principle
center was to report around the distinctive strategies used to gauge the expenses of
congestion
...

Primary Findings While at the national level for Scotland just 11
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The effects of congestion are most prominent in
Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh, where up to 42% of travelers in the morning top
experience traffic congestion related postponement

6

The two principle courses in which congestion is characterized are firstly a
movement based viewpoint and besides a financial view
...
By
and by, the less complex measures are all the more ordinarily utilized
...
Traffic congestion expenses
can incorporate an extensive variety of things including expenses to the earth, security,
support and so on
...
g
...
Where these are presented, different measures are
expected to either avert more interest for travel or to decrease the need to travel
...

LOCAL LITERATURE
Moriarty and Barlow (2010) stated that, traffic congestion is prevalent primarily in
the cities, particularly Quezon City, Manila and Makati
...
While total reduction of

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congestion is next to impossible in the Philippines, consistent and serious efforts to
improve transportation infrastructure for Metro Manila including much delayed mass
transport systems can translate to genuine benefits
...
The JICA said
that the costs of traffic will continue to rise if adequate solutions to ease congestion are
not immediately implemented
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4 billion every day in 2012
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The proposal is packaged as a
“dream plan” and outlines short-term and long-term developments
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3 trillion
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In a report posted on Rappler written by Katerina Francisco, professor in the
University of the Philippines (UP) Jose Regin Regidor was quoted as saying that the
wasted productivity hours because of traffic is equal to a monetary value that could be
used for other things, such as earning extra income or spending more time with the
family
...
3-trillion infrastructure road map to decongest Metro Manila involves
the establishment of new infrastructure and improving traffic management
...
The public transport system will also be
improved, and in the process, the country will be able to cut its traffic losses and even
generate revenues
...
4
million passengers a day by 2030
...

Based on surveys, public transport accounts for 69% of the total number of trips
taken in Metro Manila every day
...

In its proposed roadmap for 2030, the Japanese agency stressed the need for an
integrated urban mass-transit network, with an efficient railway system making up a
large part of the public transport mix
...

The Problem of Road Congestion is a real social problem that needs to be
resolved because of its serious effects
...

Generally, congestion results in a less productive work force
...
In the Philippines
where majority of employee take public transport, people use the time they’re stuck in
traffic to call work, issue instructions or clarify issues, but on the whole, everyone ends
up tense, frustrated and already tired when they get to work
...
This is because congestion
leads to increased fuel consumption and automobile emissions as vehicles are forced to
operate less efficiently
...
The JICA report said greenhouse
gas emissions are expected to increase to 5
...
7 million tons a year in 2012
...
When traffic incidents occur, congestion often appears in places
where motorists do not expect it
...

In the meantime, construction and road work create unexpected changes in
highway alignment and other features
...

RELATED STUDIES
Lowy and Pitchard (2015) stated on their study “5 Ways to Solve the Nations
Worsening Traffic Problems”
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Build more roads
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Rely on new
technology
...

For Chowdhury (2012) slow moving vehicles are making the fast moving
vehicles slow
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Traffic load is also huge that can't be
sustained by the available infrastructures
...
However, there are ways to manage traffic,
particularly at times of peak demand that are relatively inexpensive
...
Just
as the productivity and efficiency of a workplace depends on joined-up thinking between
departments, a city’s transport infrastructure needs communication on all levels – from
systems such as red lights and speed limit zones right down to the individuals who want
to get from one destination to another
...


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DEFINITION OF TERMS

For better understanding of the study, the following terms are defined
operationally:

Traffic: flow or movement of vehicles from one place to another
...
An event, condition,
or state of affairs that is produced by a cause
...


Colorum: unregistered vehicles plying down the streets
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This refers as the act of making the traffic in the city minimized
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Road: this is where the vehicles travel on
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Population: this refers to the total number of vehicles that keeps on rising every year
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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design, respondents of the study, data
gathering instrument and data gathering procedure
...

As the study uses observation method the researchers elaborated and seek the
best remedial in minimizing the traffic congestion
...

Furthermore, this study was also intended to determine the causes of traffic and
its effects to the commuters and to find the solution to this problem of Koronadaleneos
...


RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY
Due to the rising of population of vehicles in Koronadal City, respondents of the
study are the commuters, traffic enforces, private vehicle owners and other local
government employees
...

The informants of the study are the selected local government officials of
Koronadal that have enough knowledge about the situation of traffic in the city and there
will be a maximum of 5 persons in commuters, traffic enforces, private vehicle owners
and other local government employees to be involved in conducting the survey
...

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DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENT
The instruments used in the study consisted of the following:
In gathering data, the researchers used digital camera, cellphones, laptop,
computers and writing materials with the help of some suggestions of our respondents
...

The researchers also brought questionnaires in gathering the respondent’s
reaction towards the phenomenal traffic
...

After the discussion of the group’s work, they immediately gathered some
significant questions that could help them present the research well and they also
proceed in the task of having interviews with some chosen respondents
...
The researchers asked their respondents to answer the questionnaires in
which they have to state their views and opinions
...

Next is they take their part in their research by distributing the task to every
member equally so that it will be easier to each of them in making their work
...
After finishing the recovery of the research instruments, the data
were presented the way it should be
...
The data were
all gathered through the interview and was answered by random people
...
The effect of traffic congestion gives a lot of
problems to the people who are living in the city that had been given different aids and
solution
...
In order for us to illustrate what kind of data we got, some tables were
shown below:
This table presents the responses of the students and other city employees taken
randomly in our study entitled “Effect of Traffic Congestion Due to The Rising
Population of Vehicles in Koronadal City”
...
These
questions were answered by them spontaneously:
1
...
What is the effect of it in the people who are living in the city?
3
...
Does the number of vehicles reach the maximum capacity of the city?
5
...
Are the number of traffic enforcers enough to handle the city’s traffic?
7
...
Does the “colorum” vehicles also cause this problem? How?

Table 1
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TEXTS

MEANING

Traffic congestion ang gacause sang delay
especially sa mga estudyante kag employees
sa city
...


Traffic congestion is
the major problem of
the commuters
...
The road could not cater
ang padayon nga pagdugang sang mga
vehicles nga ara sa city
...


Kayang kaya pa ma handle sang city ang

EMERGENT THEME

Time Management
Problem

Delay of
appointments

The

lack

of
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traffic congestion but then, they need an
immediate aid kay basi mag abot ang
panahon nga wala kana Makita nga space sa
dalan
...


We really need traffic lights because it can be
one of the instrument that may lessen traffic
congestion and will regulate the traffic
...


Colorum vehicles also increase the
transparency of traffic congestion in the city
for they did not only disobey the law, but they
are also the reason why the number of
population of vehicles are unstoppable
...


The colorum vehicles
is one of the factors
that can affect the flow
of the traffic, otherwise
they are not following
the rules of city traffic
officials
...


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The following are the questions that had been asked to the respondents coming
from the students and the local government employees here in Koronadal
...
What is traffic congestion?
2
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Is the rising population of vehicles in our city became the main cause of traffic?
4
...
Do we need traffic lights in our city?
6
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Does the “colorum” vehicles also cause this problem? How?
Table 2
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Text
isa sa mga dako nga problema hindi lang sa dalan
kundi pati man sa amon pang adlaw adlaw nga
trabaho
Gamay amon pasahero kag syempre dako ang
bawas sa amon income
Dako dako gid nga problema ang pagdamo sang
mga salakyan kay gapagutok sa dalan
...


Kailangan gid ang traffic lights para makontrol ang
daloy sang trapiko
...

The increasing
number of vehicles is
a huge factor of traffic
congestion to
Traffic congestion
can be solved if there
was an action of the
government
Traffic lights are
needed to the
situation we have in

Emergent theme

Delay of transportation

Private Vehicle
Ownership

Increasing population
of vehicles

Needs of the citizen

Accidents and
modernization
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Tama lang ang traffic enforcer, kulang pa sang
hulag para makontrol ang trapiko
...
Wala na gani
gasunod sa layi, mas
gadamo pa sila sa mga
rehistrado nga salakyan
...

Traffic enforcers even
if they are enough,
they are still not doing
their job well
...


Control of traffic

Heavy traffic

This table presents the responses of the technical person to this field and was
taken randomly about our study entitled “Effect of Traffic Congestion Due to The
Rising Population of Vehicles in Koronadal City”
...
These
questions were answered by them spontaneously:
1
...
What is the effect of it in the people who are living in the city?
3
...
Does the number of vehicles reach the maximum capacity of the city?
5
...
Are the number of traffic enforcers enough to handle the city’s traffic?
7
...
Summary responses of the technical persons to this field
Text
The increase in the
number of vehicles plying
in the streets brought
about by the affordable
car/motorcycle loan
schemes offered by
dealers and financial
institutions
...


When people get stuck in a
heavy traffic, many
Traffic congestion might
business transactions will delay a certain transaction
...

There are other reasons
like some drivers lack
discipline by simply not
parking in the proper
place
...


The number of traffic
enforcers in our city are
enough to handle the
traffic and to be more
effective, they must be
deployed strategically
...


The number of traffic
enforcers are quite enough
in handling and managing
the city’s traffic congestion,
but they must be deployed
tactically
...


If the number of colurum
vehicle will decrease, the
flow of the heavy traffic will
lessen
...
Traffic congestion as what the researchers
analyzed conferring to the data, caused a lot of problems especially to the commuters
...
Some of them claimed that being stuck in a middle of
a heavy traffic, many business transactions will not materialize
...
it lessens their income and will cause them to increase the limited fair
...

Based on the data, it was found out that the cause of traffic congestion here in
Koronadal City was due to the increased in the number of vehicles plying in the streets
brought about by the affordable car/ motorcycle loans schemes offered by dealers and
financial institutions, owning a motor vehicle is a necessity in the fast-paced way of

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living where people are always in a hurry to cope with the rush, and the high cost of
fare
...

RA 4136, known as the Land Transportation Law of the Philippines and the traffic
enforces helped in the control the overcrowding of the vehicles in the streets and
revealed that the maximum capacity of vehicles in city streets has not yet meet
...
They can see
and feel a big difference of the way the traffic before
...


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CHAPTER V
FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION
The chapter presents the findings, conclusion and corresponding implication
about the study
...


Findings

This part portrays the findings which we got from the interview conducted
...
After
gathering the data and analyzing it, we came up with this findings:

Based on the traffic investigator, the main cause of traffic congestion in the city is
the increasing number of vehicles plying in the streets and it also brought about by the
affordable car/motorcycle loan schemes offered by dealers and financial institution
...
Based on
the students, the effect of traffic congestion particularly to the people who are living in
this city is that, many businesses transactions will not materialize if too many people get
stuck in a heavy traffic
...
As well as to the school there will be a high possibility to the
students to come in school being late
...
The more vehicles plying down the road, the lesser income they might get to
provide the needs of their family
...


On the other hand, students claimed that the main effect of traffic congestion was
being late at school and delay of time especially when they have schedules early in the
morning
...


Rising population of vehicles in our city became the main cause of traffic,
because there are some drivers who are lack of discipline
...


Traffic congestion is the cause of many problems to the city road regulations
...
Students and many employees is much more affected to this kind of situation for

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they need to go to school and jobs earlier but through heavy traffic, it will cause them to
be late
...
Peak-hour traffic congestion is an inherent result of
the way modern societies operate
...
But everyone hates traffic congestion, and it keeps getting worse, in spite of
attempted remedies
...
Although governments may
never be able to eliminate road congestion, there are several ways cities and states can
move to curb it
...

To cope with problem in traffic congestion, there is a need to concentrate on the
development and improvement of the public transport system
...
Traffic congestion is caused by the
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public's over-reliance on private transportation and failure to keep up with the zooming
expansion of modern societies and their demands
...
To solve this, the government should invest in
improving public transportation to make it more logically convenient, efficient and
affordable for all
...
Traffic
congestion will surely decrease as a result
...
As the number of
private cars increases greatly over the years, traffic congestion occurs when the needed
road capacity is not fulfilled
...
For example, wider roads, overpasses and even underground
tunnels could be built to trim down the traffic
...
This method is in fact, workable and
effective
...
Simple
improvements of the road infrastructure can easily have solved this problem
...
Since congestion occurs frequently in our city, local government can
consider passing laws on restricting the number of car owned in a family
...
Many of the commuters have been consuming their time in the delay
caused by traffic jam everyday, that is why the researchers planned to inform
everyone about how inflexible the flow of traffic in the city
...
This problem
must be tackled because it is a global issue and most people, especially to those
who live in big cities are suffering from this kind of problem
...
However, it is not possible to find
good and effective ways to control the traffic congestion
...
If there are comfortable and cheap public
transportations such as trains and buses, they will make people like to use it better
than to drive
...
In fact, government should provide much better public
transportation and charge prices that are affordable for everyone
...
With this, it can cause traffic, waste of time in commuters, and delay for those
who have office works and students
...
Due to the rising population of vehicles in the city, this study found that
need and the access to transactions and appointments must met on time
...
As the
population rises, the city’s need in modernization increases such as in owning private
vehicles that will become one of the factor of traffic congestion
...
The more they disregard this
dilemma, the more opportunities will be missed in the near future
...
Cooperation and union
of Koronadaleneos will lead to an organized city in line with the best ones
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Costs and Effectiveness of Transportation Control Measures: A Review
and Analysis of the Literature
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Bethesda, Md
...

Cohen, Harry
...
" Expanding
Metropolitan Highways: Implications for Air Quality and Energy Use
...
National Academy Press
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C
...


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