Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

Group 2 elements are known as the Alkaline Earth Metals
...
Going down the group, Atomic Radii INCREASES; this is because as you go down the group additionally shells of
electrons are ‘added’ increasing the radius of the atom
...
This is because the size of the atom increases, which means the distance between the positive ions
and the delocalised electrons decreases
...
This means less energy is
required to overcome the attraction
...
This is because the radii increases
which means the electrostatic attraction between the outermost electron and the positive nucleus decreases and so the
electron is less tightly held
...

Group 2 hydroxides and sulphates display certain trends
...

Group 2 elements can be distinguished from and identified by, flame tests
...

Dip the wire in the solid and then place over the flame
...
At this higher level, the electrons are unstable and so drop back down
to a lower level
...

Lithium appears RED
Sodium is YELLOW
Potassium is LILAC
Strontium is CRIMSON RED
Barium is APPLE GREEN
Calcium is BRICK RED
Magnesium is COLOURLESS
(Caesium is BLUE)
In the same way Group 2 hydroxides and sulphates show trends, Group 2 carbonates and nitrates too show trends, one of
which is thermal stability
...
This is because going down the group means the ionic radii of the Group 2 cation increases and
so the charge density reduces, which lowers the polarising effect
...
Therefore more energy is required
...
This is true for all carbonates apart
from Lithium

---