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Title: This literature review focuses on how minority status, poverty status, and dropping out of high school can lead to teen pregnancy. The purpose of this literature review is to understand what the main reasons are that cause teen pregnancy. This paper will
Description: Introduction The term discipline appears in every learning institution, school rules and regulations are paramount throughout the world. Hence the concept of discipline is understood in various ways by different personalities. However, in a conventional school, the understanding of the concept of discipline is based on obedience. In most occasions, parents and teachers suppose that discipline is all about punishment, which is not the case in a contemporary world. There are several context themes that are supposedly considered in professionalism among the children and the youths. In this perspective, exploring professional issues require explicit understanding of socio-political and cultural aspects, systems, career development, employment status of the parents and relationship between parents and other professionals. This plays a great role since children and the youths are able to directly imitate what their parents do, a fact that impacts their future and career development (Dawe, Frye, Best, Lynch, Atkinson, Evans & Harnett, 2009).

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Running head: PROFESSIONALISM ISSUES IN CHILD AND YOUTH

Professionalism Issues in Child and Youth Education

Name:
Institution:
Course:
Instructor:
Date:

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PROFESSIONALISM ISSUES IN CHILD AND YOUTH

2

Professionalism Issues in Child and Youth Education
Introduction
The term discipline appears in every learning institution, school rules and regulations are
paramount throughout the world
...
However, in a conventional school, the understanding of the concept
of discipline is based on obedience
...
There are
several context themes that are supposedly considered in professionalism among the children and
the youths
...
This plays a great role since
children and the youths are able to directly imitate what their parents do, a fact that impacts their
future and career development (Dawe, Frye, Best, Lynch, Atkinson, Evans & Harnett, 2009)
...
This
process is applicable for those with special needs within the context of lifespan, family and the
community (Redl & Wineman, 1957)
...
More explicit
consideration should be based on child and youth early care and education, determination of the
core community-based values so that youth development programs may be promoted (Powell,
1990)
...

In brooder understanding of child and youth care, it is categorical that children and youth
care practices are not limited to clients and program needs, design, designing and implementing
programs that goes well with the planned environments (Powell, 1990)
...

In professional development, a lot of issues that arise are relatively associated with poor
supervision by practitioners, teaching, administration, advocacy and consultation (Shulman,
1987)
...
Unlike the past when
practitioners took low profile in instilling ethical conduct within professionalism, research
indicate that ethical statements are living documents that children would often integrate as they
grow to maturity as far as in the knowledge level is concerned (Shimrat, 1987)
...
This implies that other
than adhering to prevailing ethical principles when solving child and youth related issues,
practitioners should combine prevailing guidance ad principles in order to come-up with a
comprehensive but workable strategy that enable sound judgement and consultation
...


PROFESSIONALISM ISSUES IN CHILD AND YOUTH

4

In furtherance, there are constructive boundaries within which to exemplify selfactualization
...
Hence professional issues within disciplines have
to underscore the necessary urgency which is embedded within boundaries
...
Research literature further argues that children explore self and also impact
their peers at team levels
...
, 2009)
...
Such
perception together with professional code of conduct that govern learning and education
providers have complicated the process of instilling discipline in most learning institutions the
world over (Esposito, 1997)
...
Nearly all children start to
misbehave when they start schooling (Campbell, L
...
(2007)
...
The learners involved in these kinds of behaviour within the
contemporary work tend to revisit angry behaviour of exhibited during their earlier stages when
annoyed
...
In such a situation, a teacher may then start to think otherwise

PROFESSIONALISM ISSUES IN CHILD AND YOUTH

5

of disciplinary measures against such kind of behaviour in a bid to deter the learners from
mischief conducts (Dawe et al
...

On the other hand, the youths pose a lot of problems to school administration especially
when it comes to discipline
...
Teachers on the other often strive to ensure that school rules and regulations are adhered
to and/or followed to the letter (Campbell and Mitchell, 2007)
...
This makes them breach code of conduct
...

Some learners feel that they have been left behind in class work and this makes them
derive negative attitude towards the learning process
...
This is likely to cause anxiety,
boredom and even frustration (Dawe et al
...
When teachers realize the existence of such
students, it is often advisable that they be restored; this could not be done without inflicting some
pain through caning and corporal punishment
...
This may
be attributed to several factors such as encountering challenges especially when changing from
elementary to high school (Esposito, 1997)
...
, 2009)
...
The
learners who tend to pay less attention to class work and instead concentrate on non-academic
issues that ultimately contribute to dropping in he/her grades are likely to engage in indiscipline
activities within and/or outside the school
...
, 2009)
...
Thus it is a reality that not all
practitioners will adopt strategies that agree with purported students’ reasoning power
...
This
clarifies the need to review aspects of students conduct within professional career scope (Smylie,
1991)
...
Thus increasing the level of interaction
between the children, youths and practitioners
...
This is important in
assuring the child or youth of the mistake so that it could not be repeated
...
, 2009)
...
There is need for enhancing greater
emphasis within relational and disciplinary contexts especially in the context of training
practitioners so that they may adopt adept strategies to impact positively on child and youths
professionally (Campbell, and Mitchell, 2007)
...
In spite of myriad researches done on relationship between
practitioners’ and clients, much has not been done as far as relationship between practitioners
and clients in day-to- day encounters with each other (Trotter, 2004)
...
Thus paying much attention to
professional relationship that exists between (Dawe at al
...
This will also enhance the
realization of common challenges and opportunities that could be exploited further when
positioning oneself in delivering positive services to clients when opportunity arises (Zipes,
1997)
...
As
such, this is based on reality that community hosts all kind of persons and characters that exists
(Trotter, 2004)
...
, 2009)
...
This

PROFESSIONALISM ISSUES IN CHILD AND YOUTH

8

adversely impacts the process of instilling professional behavior on the children and the youths
who are the aspiring future leaders (Campbell and Mitchell, 2007)
...

As the practitioners use and contribute to the community within which they work, it will
require that the practitioners engage with the community to determine the root course of the
issues and corresponding implication within the cultural context, community conventions and
power (Trotter, 2004)
...

Professional issues encountered in child and youths through the language lens
In linguistics, there are great roles of communication in child and youth care practices
(Powell, 1990)
...
Moreover, significant critical facts are explicitly
embedded in the use and application of language in day-to-day encounters with the children and
youths (Shimrat, 1987)
...
Poor strategic approaches
within residential and nonresidential context are likely to cause adverse issues professionally
...
Since it is realistic

PROFESSIONALISM ISSUES IN CHILD AND YOUTH

9

that some areas of practice are far much beyond the scope of child and youth in career and
profession, theory of practice and care for child and youths affirm availability of child protection,
diagnostic work and therapy could be integrated to solve issues within professionalism (Powell,
1990)
...
The young people also require recognition, thus challenging the practitioner a great
deal
...
This is
especially considering skills, knowledge as well as managerial pragmatism particularly on the
part of practitioner (Poiyani, 1969)
...
They
encounter difficulties in attaining valuable principles that could enhance and shape their future
professionally
...
In spite of the perception and
assumptions made about child and youth care practitioners in management positions within
residential and nonresidential contexts, it is appropriate for the practitioners to ensure that their
managerial identity maintains fundamental and principles within the discipline (Powell, 1990)
...
According to Henry Maier (2003), it is important to remind child and youth
workers to be cognizant of the fact that saying hello to children and youths is important
professionally
...
The practice

PROFESSIONALISM ISSUES IN CHILD AND YOUTH

10

require engagement with the children and youths from the seemingly obvious to banal to the
sophisticated all through to the apparent insane
...
” This
affirms research outcomes that illustrates how child and youth care label covers diverse range of
activities (Powell, 1990)
...

Other activities that should also be integrated within this sector is all that seemed passive; for
example, activities that lack discernable action or movement, and all that is much complex to
explicate to others who are interested (Redl & Wineman, 1957)
...
That is the main reason as to why there are a growing number of issues
within child and youth profession (Shimrat, 1987)
...
This would enhance development in appropriate way that limits cases of
professional issues (Powell, 1990)
...
At least there should be an
element of visualization which would unfold within the context of activities that children and

PROFESSIONALISM ISSUES IN CHILD AND YOUTH

11

youth engage in
...
This is somewhat comprehensible when exploring language since
it suggest that certainly suggests how child and youth care is about not much of anything
...
However, since there is much more to consider in child
and youth professional development, practitioners involved in child and youth development
should embrace systematic body of theory and professional authority so that the community
could be sanctioned
...


PROFESSIONALISM ISSUES IN CHILD AND YOUTH

12

References
Ayen, Wiarn (1993)
...
The journey of a teacher
...
Columbia
University
...
and Mitchell, G
...
Victorian family support services in retrospect: three
decades of investment, challenge and achievement
...

Dawe, S
...
, Best, D
...
Atkinson, J
...
& Harnett, P
...
Canberra: Australian National
Council on Drugs
...
E
...
(The Most Initiative)
...
Joan
Costley, Center for Career Development in Early Care and Education
...
(1969)
...
Greene, M
...
) Chicago: University of Chicago Press
...
(1990) "Professionalism and the child care field: What model?" In Perspectives in
professional child and youth Care, Anglin, J
...
(Eds) New York: Haworth Press
...
& Wineman, D
...
Controls from within: Techniques for treatment of the
aggressive child
...

Shimrat, I
...
Growing up with children's aid: A radical critique from someone who’s been
there
...
Vo1
...
11- 14
...
(1987) Knowledge in teaching: Foundations of the new reform
...
57, pp
...


PROFESSIONALISM ISSUES IN CHILD AND YOUTH

13

Smylie, M
...
(1991)
...
In S
...

Conley & B
...
Cooper (Eds
...
Massachusetts: Allyn and Bacon
...
(2004)
...
Crows Nest, NSW: Allen &
Unwin
...
(1997)
...
Searching for stories that challenge our poisonous myths
...
Sept
...
1997
...
39-42
...



Title: This literature review focuses on how minority status, poverty status, and dropping out of high school can lead to teen pregnancy. The purpose of this literature review is to understand what the main reasons are that cause teen pregnancy. This paper will
Description: Introduction The term discipline appears in every learning institution, school rules and regulations are paramount throughout the world. Hence the concept of discipline is understood in various ways by different personalities. However, in a conventional school, the understanding of the concept of discipline is based on obedience. In most occasions, parents and teachers suppose that discipline is all about punishment, which is not the case in a contemporary world. There are several context themes that are supposedly considered in professionalism among the children and the youths. In this perspective, exploring professional issues require explicit understanding of socio-political and cultural aspects, systems, career development, employment status of the parents and relationship between parents and other professionals. This plays a great role since children and the youths are able to directly imitate what their parents do, a fact that impacts their future and career development (Dawe, Frye, Best, Lynch, Atkinson, Evans & Harnett, 2009).