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COMP 116
Object Oriented Programming
Lecture 1

Outline
Introducing C++
• Introduction
• A sample C++ program
• Reference Variables
• Inline Functions
• Function Overloading
• Comparison between C and C++
2

Outline contd…
Introduction to Object Oriented Programming
• Concept of Object Oriented Paradigm
• Features of OOP
• Benefits of OOP

3

Introducing C++
• OOP developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at AT&T Bell
laboratories in 1980s
• Combination of Simula67 and C
• Classes, inheritance, function overloading, and operator
overloading are the most important features in C++

4

Introducing C++ Contd…
• Hello World!! Program in C
#include ...
Your Roll no
...
Your rollno is "<}

7

A Sample C++ Program
#include
using namespace std;
main()
{
int rollno;
char name[15];
cout<<"Enter your name ";
cin>>name;
cout<<"Enter your Roll number ";
cin>>rollno;
cout<<"Hello "< ...

• The standard input & output functions differ in the two languages
C uses scanf & printf while C++ uses cin>> & cout<< as their respective
input & output functions

9

Differences between C and C++
contd…
• Declarations
– In C global variables can be declared several times without using
extern specifier
...
This can be done only in C++ with the help of Polymorphism(an
OOP feature)
• Inline functions
inline int add(int a, int b)
{
return (a+b);
}
• Default function arguments
Void myFunction(int a, int b=5, int c=10);

11

Differences between C and C++
contd…
#include
using namespace std;
void f(int x = 0, int y = 100);
int main()
{
f(1, 2);
f(10);
f();
return 0;
}
void f(int x, int y)
{
cout << "x: " << x << ", y: " << y << "\n";
}

12

Differences between C and C++
contd…
• Declarations
– In C, all declarations should be made at the top
...

#include
using namespace std;
int n = 12; // A global variable
int main() {
int n = 13; // A local variable
cout << ::n << endl; // Print the global variable: 12
cout << n << endl; // Print the local variable: 13
}
13

Lab Work
• Assignment
– Assignment 1

• Lab Manual
– Lab 1

14

Reference Variables
void swap(float&,float&);
int main()
{
float a = 22
...
4;
cout << "a = " << a << ", b = " << b << "\n";
swap(a,b);
cout << "a = " << a << ", b = " << b << "\n";
}
void swap(float& x,float& y)
{
// exchanges the values of x and y:
float temp = x;
x = y;
y = temp;
}

15

Reference Variables contd…
• There are some situations where a function needs to change
the value of the parameter passed to it
...

• To pass a parameter by reference instead of by value, simply
append an ampersand, &, to the type specifier in the
functions parameter list
...

• So the argument is read-write instead of read-only
...


16

Reference Variables contd…
• The parameters that are passed by value are called value
parameters, and parameters that are passed by reference are
called reference parameters
...

• When the call swap(a,b) executes, the function creates its
local references x and y, so that x is the function’s local name
for a, and y is the function’s local name for b
...

• But the compiler will accept:
– float& x, float &x, float & x, or even float&x
...


The parameter x is a local reference
...


It is a synonym for the argument
...


It can change the argument
...


The argument passed by reference
must be a variable
...


The argument is read-write
...

• When a function has to return more than one value we use
reference parameters
...

– It works the same way as passing by reference, except that
the function is prevented from changing the value of the
parameter
...


22

Reference Variables contd…
void f(int,int&,const int&);
int main()
{
int a = 22,b = 33, c = 44;
cout << "a = " << a << ", b = " << b << ", c = " << c<<"\n";
f(a,b,c);
cout << "a = " << a << ", b = " << b << ", c = " << c<<"\n";
f(2*a-3,b,c);
cout << "a = " << a << ", b = " << b << ", c = " << c<<"\n" ;
}
void f(int x, int& y, const int& z)
{
x += z;
y += z;
cout << "x = " << x << ", y = " << y << ", z = " << z<<"\n" ;
}

23

Inline Function
• What is inline function?
• Need of Inline function/Advantage
• How to create Inline function in C++?

24

Inline Function
• Simple function
• Same as used to do in a C
• Only difference is it consist of keyword Inline
inline void sum(int a, int b) // used in function definition
• Inline keyword will convert function in to inline
function
• It is just a request and not a order

25

Inline Function [contd…
...
of times
Takes amount of time storing, jumping and manipulating
information
26

Inline Function [contd…
...
of arguments must be changed
– Types of arguments must be changed
– Sequence of arguments must be changed

return type has no significance in function
overloading

34

Introduction to Object Oriented
Programming

• Concept of Object Oriented Paradigm
• Features of OOP
• Benefits of OOP

35



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Title: C++ Lecture note 1
Description: General concepts about object oriented programming,class,objects,reference variable,inline function,function overloading.

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