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Java in Hindi
BccFalna
...
In Java, all GUI development like SWT/Swing, JavaFX
etc… are totally based on AWT
...
So, in
this EBook, I have covered GUI Development from and
covered AWT and Event Driven Programming with Good
Detail in Last Chapter
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Even Applets are out of market now, but I have included it
frequently in this EBook to easily using and understanding
GUI Development
...
I have covered each Java Programming Concept with
hundreds of example programs
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Java in Hindi
Kuldeep Chand
BetaLab Computer Center
Falna
1
www
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com
Java in Hindi
Programming Language JAVA in Hindi
Copyright © Updated on 2014 by Kuldeep Chand
All rights reserved
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Trademarked names may appear in this book
...
Lead Editors: Kuldeep Chand
Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Betalab Computer Center, Behind of
Vidhya Jyoti School, Falna Station Dist
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) Pin 306116
e-mail bccfalna@gmail
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bccfalna
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Pali (Raj
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Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this work, the author
shall not have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage
caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in
this book
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BccFalna
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BccFalna
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BccFalna
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14
Features of JAVA
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19
Object Oriented
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20
Compiled and Interpreted
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21
Architecture Neutral / Platform Independent / Portable / Byte Coded
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22
High Performance
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23
Dynamic and Extensible
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25
Java Platform
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28
Applets:
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28
Internationalization:
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28
Software components:
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28
Java Database Connectivity (JDBC):
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29
Procedural Techniques and OOPS
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34
Difference Between C++ and Java
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36
Pointers
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38
Functions
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39
Strings
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40
Operator Overloading
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40
Variable Number of Arguments
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41
Programming – The Basic Concept
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43
Application Software:
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43
Hardware Programming
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47
Language
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49
Java Interpreter (java)
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50
Documentation Section
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51
Import Statements
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52
Main Method Class
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53
Java - Applications
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53
Compiling Java Source File
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56
Anatomy of Java Application
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57
Java – Applet
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61
Clients and Servers
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63
Preparation – The Applet Writing
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64
Using – The System Packages
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67
Building – The Applet Code
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68
OOPS and OOPL – The Definition
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70
Data – Value OR a Set of Values
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70
Float
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71
Object – The Definition
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71
Abstraction – The Problem Simplifying Process
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74
Attributes – The Data Members of The Class
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75
Problem Design (OOPS) v/s Problem Implementation (OOPL)
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76
Class – A Logical Specification of Problem Related Object
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84
Java – Graphical User Interface and Graphics Management
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87
HTML Tags for Web Pages
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90
Head Section
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91
Adding Applet in HTML File
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92
First Applet in Java
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102
Components of an Event
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104
Event Source
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105
Java Fundamentals – Core Concepts
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BccFalna
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109
Variables
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112
“Java” Characterset
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115
Keywords ;k Reserve Words
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116
Literal
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119
Operators
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126
Data Types
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129
Value Initialization
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131
Integer Data Types
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133
Boolean Data Type
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134
Variable Scope
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143
Type Casting
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146
Array Memory Allocation
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148
Strings
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158
StringBuffer Class
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167
Wrapper Classes
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184
Program Control
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185
Compound Statement or Block
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198
Loops
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201
Assignment Operators
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206
while Loop
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215
Jump Statements
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217
continue Statement
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221
Drawing Graphics
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222
Colors
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225
Drawing Line and Rectangles
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227
Drawing Arcs
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228
Building Graphical User Interface
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235
Components
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237
Push Button Control
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241
Rectangles and Windows
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247
Handling Multiple-Button Events
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256
Class and Objects
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262
Declaring Objects
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272
Object Reference
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288
Adding Methods to Box Class
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306
this Keyword
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310
Finalize() Method
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311
Constructors
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323
Pass By Value
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325
Access Controls
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327
static Data Members and Methods
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335
Nested and Inner Classes
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338
Java Application – The Frame Class
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345
Reusability
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346
Composition: A “Has a” Relationship
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348
Superclass and Subclass
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353
Method Overriding
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367
Multilevel Hierarchy
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378
Dynamic Method Dispatch – The Run Time Polymorphism
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385
Final Classes
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396
Declaring Interfaces
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399
Implementing Interfaces
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408
Compile Time Errors
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410
Exceptions
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414
try and catch Block – The Exception Handling Process
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417
Nested try Statement
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422
The throws Keyword
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425
Types of Exceptions – The Java Built – In Exceptions Classes
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lang Exceptions
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io Exceptions
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net Exceptions
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awt Exceptions
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util Exceptions
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431
Java Package – Code Reusability
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436
Creating Packages
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448
Java Thread Model
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450
The Thread Class and the Runnable Interface
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451
Two Kinds of Threads
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455
Deriving a Class From Thread
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478
Thread Scheduling – Setting Thread Priority
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481
Daemons
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487
Thread States – The Life Cycle of a Thread
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490
RUNNABLE State
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491
BLOCKED State
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492
Synchronization
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497
Java Networking
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499
Distributed Programs
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500
IP Address
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502
Hostname
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503
Internet
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503
Packet
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503
Protocol Stack
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504
Sockets
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504
TCP/IP Network Architecture
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506
URL Class
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508
Reliable
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509
ServerSocket Class
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509
Unreliable
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510
Ports
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512
Client/Server Architecture
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514
Identifying a Computer
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519
Socket Introduction
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522
Socket Transmission Modes
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529
Working With URL
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533
Creating and Manipulating URL
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541
RMI Applications
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542
Remote Interfaces, Objects and Methods
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544
Design and Implement the components of Distributed Application
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545
Make Classes Network Accessible
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545
Creating RMI Server
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546
RMI Technology
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551
Database Management System Software
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552
ODBC Application Programming Interface ( ODBC API)
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553
JDBC Driver Manager
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554
Installing The ODBC Driver
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559
Querying A Database
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561
The Statement Object
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563
Using PreparedStatement Object
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567
Passing INPUT Parameter At Runtime
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575
Event Driven Programming System
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577
Event Object
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578
Event Handler
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579
The JDK 1
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579
Delegation Event Handling Model
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581
Event Listeners
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589
The ActionEvent Class
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601
Handling Keyboard Events
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614
Inner Classes and Anonymouse Inner Classes for Simplifying Adapter Classes
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627
Container Class
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627
Window Class
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628
Canvas Class
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628
Closing a Frame Window
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633
Adding and Removing Controls
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634
Buttons
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636
Choice Controls
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639
Scroll Bars
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643
TextArea Control
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647
Layout Manager
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654
Dialog Boxes
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668
Explicit Event Handling
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672
Extending Checkbox
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677
Last but not Least
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682
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Java in Hindi
Java
Basics and Programming
Fundamentals
13
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Java in Hindi
Java – Basics and Programming Fundamentals
vkt ge ns[k ldrs gSa Internet o Mobiles dk fdruk foLrkj gks pqdk gSA vkt Internet bruk
c< pqdk gS fd nqfu;k dh tks Hkh tkudkjh pkfg,] Internet ij ml tkudkjh dks izkIr fd;k tk
ldrk gSA vkt bl Internet dh otg ls nqfu;k fcYdqy NksVh lh gks xbZ gSA ge tc pkgsa
ftlls pkgsa ckr dj ldrs gSa ;k Online Meeting dj ldrs gSaA nqfu;k dh yxHkx lkjh phtsa
vkt Internet ls tqMh gqbZ gSaA Internet ij vkt ge dsoy Texts gh ugha iwjs Multimedia dks
ns[krs gSa] ftlesa Sound, Video, Animation, Graphics vkfn tks dqN Hkh gks ldrk gS] lc gSA
ysfdu vkt ge ftl rjg dk Internet ns[k ik jgs gSa] dqN le; igys rd Internet ,slk ugha
FkkA Multimedia dh fofHkUu phtksa dks Internet ij lEHko cukus esa Java dk cgqr cMk lg;ksx
jgk gSA okLro esa Java dk fodkl dsoy Internet ds fy, fd;k x;k Fkk] ysfdu vkt bldk
iz;ksx dsoy Internet ds WebPages cukus ds fy, gh ugha gksrk gS] cfYd vkt ;s cMs&cMs
Standalone Application Software o Distributed Application Develop djus dh lcls
vklku o mi;ksxh Hkk’kk gSA ftruh vklkuh ls ge Java dk iz;ksx djds ,d Distributed
System Create dj ldrs gSa] mruh vklkuh ls fdlh Hkh vU; Hkk’kk dk iz;ksx djds ge
Internet ds fy, cMs Software Develop ugha dj ldrs gSaA
vkius Hkh yksxksa dks ;s dgrs lquk gksxk fd Computer Programming dkQh dfBu dke gSA ;s
gj fdlh ds cl dh ckr ugha gSA Computer Programmer cuus ds fy, MCA, B-Level tSls
Degree Level Courses vkSj gtkjksa :i, ds Hardware o Software dh t:jr gksrh gSA
lkFk gh ogh Programmer cu ldrk gS ftldk fnekx Computer dh rjg dke djrk gks
;kuh cgqr rst gksA tks ?k
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BccFalna
...
k ds fy, ;fn Fastly dksbZ GUI Application Software Develop djuk gks] rks
Microsoft Company dk Visual Basic lcls ljy Programming Language gSA blesa
vkt gtkjksa Software cu pqds gSa ftudk iz;ksx Personnel Use o Business Use nksuksa
LFkkuksa ij cgqr gksrk gSA ysfdu Visual Basic Programs dh deh ;s gS fd budh Speed
fdlh vU; Languages tSls fd Borland C++ ;k Visual C++ esa fy[ks x, Programs dh
rqyuk esa de gksrh gSA bl Speed dh deh dks rc eglwl fd;k tk ldrk gS] tc Program esa
cgqr lkjs Graphics dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gksA
tSls fd ;fn Visual Basic esa Screen Saver ;k dksbZ Game Develop fd;k tk, rks budh
Speed dkQh de gksrh gSA blfy, tks Professional Programmers gksrs gSa os dHkh Hkh
Graphics Programming ds fy, Visual Basic dk iz;ksx ugha djrs gSaA
gkykafd Java dks Visual Basic dh rqyuk esa lh[kuk dkQh dfBu gS] ysfdu fQj Hkh Java dks
lh[kuk dbZ ek;uksa esa dkQh mi;ksxh lkfcr gksrk gSA Java dh lcls cMh fo”ks’krk rks ;gh gS] fd
blesa Develop fd, x, Programs dks ge World Wide Web ij Use dj ldrs gSaA ;fn
vkius Internet Surfing dh gS rks vkius fofHkUu Websites ij dbZ Animations] Sounds
vkfn ns[ksa o lqus gksaxsA ;s lHkh dke Java esa dkQh vklkuh ls fd, tk ldrs gSaA ;kuh ;fn vki
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Java in Hindi
dksbZ ,slk Program cukuk pkgrs gSa] ftldks Internet ij Hkh pyk;k tk ldrk gS] tSls fd
Online Games] rks vkidks Java dh t:jr gksxhA
Java dh nwljh fo”ks’krk ;s gS fd Java dk Program ,d fo”ks’k rjhds ls fy[kk tkrk gS ftlesa
gesa Java ds lHkh fu;eksa dk iwjh rjg ls ikyu djuk iMrk gSA ;fn ge Java ds fdlh NksVs ls
fu;e dks Hkh Neglect djrs gSa] rks ,d NksVs ls “Hello World” Program dks Create djds
Compile djus esa Hkh gesa dkQh ijs”kkfu;ksa o Errors dk lkeuk djuk iM ldrk gSA
Java dks ,slk blfy, cuk;k x;k gS rkfd ftruh Hkh Errors o ijs”kkfu;ka vkuh gSa] os Program
ds Creation ds le; gh vk tk,a] rkfd tc Program iwjh rjg ls rS;kj gks tk,] rc fdlh
izdkj dh ijs”kkuh uk vk, vkSj Program Reliable, mi;ksxh o Error Free gksA vkSj okLro esa
tkok ds Programs vU; Languages dh rqyuk esa dkQh T;knk Reliable gksrs gSaA
dbZ vU; Languages tSls fd Visual Basic vkfn esa Program “kq: ls vUr rd dksbZ Error
ugha nsrk ysfdu fdlh uk fdlh txg ij ,slh Error Generate djrk gS] ftldk Solution
djus esa gesa mruk le; yx tkrk gS ftruk ml Program dks Create djus esa ugha yxrkA
Java dk fodkl Sun Microsystems ds ,d Developer James Gosling us fd;k FkkA mUgsa
bldk fodkl djus dh t:jr blfy, iMh D;ksafd os “C++” Language dk iz;ksx djds ,d
Project cuk jgs Fks ysfdu mUgsa og ifj
...
kZ Language gSA Java lh[kus ds ckn Hkh fdlh Hkh vU; Language dks mruh gh vklkuh ls
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Java in Hindi
lh[kk tk ldrk gS ftruh vklkuh ls fdlh vkSj Language dks lh[kus ds ckn Java dks lh[kk
tkrk gSA
High Level Programming Languages ds fodkl dh ;fn ckr djsa] rks UNIX Operating
System ds fy, ,d Hkk’kk dk fodkl fd;k x;k Fkk] ftldk uke “C” Language fn;k x;kA
bl Hkk’kk dk fodkl eq[; :i ls Operating System UNIX dks Develop djus ds fy, fd;k
x;k FkkA UNIX Operating System Develop gks tkus ds ckn UNIX Operating System ds
fy, Applications Software dks Develop fd;k tkus yxkA
pwafd “B” Language dk fodkl ,d System Software dks Develop djus ds fy, fd;k x;k
Fkk] blfy, fofHkUu Programmers dks bl Language esa UNIX ds fy, Application
Software fy[kus esa ijs”kkuh vkrh FkhA blfy, bl “B” Language dks vkSj ljy cuk;k x;k
rkfd Programmers bl Language esa Application Programs Develop dj ldsaA bl
Developed Language dks “C” Language uke fn;k x;kA
“C” Language “kq:vkr esa dkQh mi;ksxh lkfcr gqbZ ysfdu ftl rjg ls gj pht esa fodkl
gksrk gS] mlh rjg ls Computer Technology esa Hkh fodkl gqvkA /khjs&/khjs Application
Software brus cMs o tfVy gksus yxs] fd “C” Language esa Develop fd, x, Programs
dks Manage o Maintain djuk dkQh dfBu gks x;kA lkFk gh tSls&tSls le; chrrk x;k]
Software dh tfVyrk Hkh c
rjhds dh t:jr gS] ftlls os cMs o tfVy Programs dks Handle dj ldsaA ;s u;k rjhdk Hkh
t:jr ds vuqlkj Develop fd;k x;k vkSj bl rjhds dks Object Oriented Concept dgk
x;kA bl Object Oriented Concept dks /;ku esa j[k dj Programming language “C” esa
fQj fodkl fd;k x;k vkSj bl fodkl dk ifj
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BccFalna
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kZ Programming Language gSA gkykafd blds
T;knkrj Syntax o Coding Procedures “C” o “C++” Language ds vuqlkj gSa] blfy, bls
“C++” Language dk Modified Version Hkh dgk tk ldrk gSA
tSls&tSls t:jr c
t:jrksa dks iwjk fd;k tk ldsA blh rF; ij vc tkok ls vkxs dh Language dks Microsoft
Company us Develop fd;k gSA bl Language dk uke “C#” (CSharp) gSA bl
Language esa “C”, “C++” o Java rhuksa Languages dh fofHkUu fo”ks’krkvksa dks Include fd;k
x;k gSA Microsoft bl Language esa Software Development ds fy, iwjk IDE iznku djrk
gS] ftlesa vkt dh t:jr ds vuqlkj fofHkUu dkeksa dks fd;k tk ldrk gSA
ysfdu bldk eryc ;s ugha gS fd Java vc iqjkuh gks pqdh gSA vkt Hkh Java dk Market esa
viuk ,d vyx o egRoiw
...
BccFalna
...
akksa dks
tkok ds Features Hkh dgrs gSaA
Small and Simple
Java ,d NksVh vkSj ljy Hkk’kk gS ftls vklkuh ls lh[kk tk ldrk gSA tkok dks bl rjg
ls Design fd;k x;k gS fd bls dksbZ Hkh Programmer vklkuh ls lh[k lds vkSj
Computer Programming ds Internal Functionality dks tkus fcuk Hkh T;knk ls T;knk
Efficient Program Develop dj ldsA ;fn fdlh Programmer dks fdlh Hkh
Programming Language dk FkksMk Hkh Kku gS] rks og cgqr gh vklkuh ls o tYnh ls
Window Based Application o Internet Based Distributed Application (Applets)
Develop djuk lh[k ldrk gSA
tc tkok dks igyh ckj Release fd;k x;k Fkk] rc og dkQh NksVh Hkk’kk FkhA ysfdu vkt
;s dkQh cMh Hkk’kk cu pqdh gS vkSj lHkh izdkj ds Applications dks Efficiently Develop
djus esa l{ke gSA ;s Language C/C++, Simula, Ada tSlh dbZ vU; Languages ls izsfjr
gS] ysfdu bldh T;knkrj Coding C++ Language ds leku gh gSA blfy, fdlh C/C++
Programmer dks tkok lh[kus esa dksbZ dfBukbZ ugha gksrh gSA
bl Language esa C o C++ ds vPNs Features dks Use dj fy;k x;k gS tcfd bu
Languages ds Confusing rFkk Typical Features dks NksM dj muds LFkku ij vf/kd
ljy Concepts dks Include dj fy;k x;k gSA tSls C++ ds Operator Overloading o
Pointer tSls Concepts dks tkok esa NksM fn;k x;k gS] tcfd Multithreading tSlh
Advance Technique dks Add dj fy;k x;k gSA
Object Oriented
Java esa gj pht Object o Class ds :i esa ifjHkkf’kr gS] ftls Object Oriented
Programming Concept dgk tkrk gSA OOPS gesa Abstraction and Encapsulation,
Polymorphism vkSj Inheritance tSls Features iznku djrk gS] ftlls ge ,d leL;k
dks mlh rjg ls Computer esa Logically Organize dj ldrs gSa] ftl rjg ls leL;k
Real World esa Actually ;k Physically Organized jgrh gSA tkok esa cgqr lkjh t:jh
Classes igys ls gh Packages ds Form esa gesa izkIr gksrh gS] ftUgsa fcuk Rewrite fd, ge
T;ksa dk R;ksa Use dj ldrs gSaA
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Java in Hindi
Distributed
Java ds Programs Network ij ;kuh Web Pages ij Hkh Execute gksrs gSaA blfy, bls
Distributed Language dgk tkrk gSA Distribution dk eryc ;s gksrk gS fd Java ds
Program fdlh Hkh Platform ij Run gks ldrs gSaA
ge tkurs gSa fd vkt dbZ rjg ds Operating Systems miyC/k gSa vkSj vyx&vyx yksx
viuh t:jr o bPNk ds vuqlkj vyx&vyx Operating Systems dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA
dksbZ Windows Operating System Use djrk gS rks dksbZ Linux rks dksbZ MacOS ;k
OS/2 Use djrk gSA ;s lHkh vyx&vyx Platform dgykrs gSaA
;fn ge Windows Based Computer ij dksbZ Program “C” ;k Visual Basic tSlh Hkk’kk
esa Create djrs gSa] rks os Program mu lHkh Computers ij vklkuh ls Run gksrs gSa tks
Windows dks Use djrs gSaA
ysfdu ;fn bUgha Programs dks Linux ;k MacOS ij Execute djus dh dksf”k”k dh tk,
rks ;s Program ml Operating System ij Execute ugha gksrsA bu Platforms ds fy,
Program dks okil bUgha Platform okys Computers ij Compile djuk iMrk gSA tcfd
Java ds lkFk ,slk ugha gSA
tkok esa ge fdlh Hkh Platform ij Program Create djds Compile djsa] os Program
lHkh vU; Platforms ij leku :i ls Execute gksrs gSaA ;kuh Java ds Programs dks
fofHkUu Platforms ij Distribute fd;k tk ldrk gSA blfy, Java dks Distributed
Language dgk tkrk gSA
tkok dks bl izdkj ls Design fd;k x;k gS fd ge blesa ,sls Applications Develop dj
ldsa] tks Internet ij py ldsA bl Language esa ;s Ability gS fd ;s Data o Program
nksuksa dks Internet ij fofHkUu Computers ij Share dj ldrk gSA tkok Applications
Remote Objects dks Hkh mruh gh vklkuh ls Access o Open dj ldrs gSa] ftruh
vklkuh ls os Local Computer ds Objects dks Open o Access djrs gSaA tkok ,slh
Networking dh lqfo/kk iznku djrk gS fd fofHkUu Remote Locations ij fLFkr fofHkUu
Programmers ,d gh Single Project ij leku le; ij ,d lkFk dke dj ldrs gSaA
Compiled and Interpreted
T;knkrj vU; Languages ds Programs ;k rks Compile gksrs gSa ;k fQj Interpreted
gksrs gSaA ysfdu Java ds Programs Compile Hkh gksrs gSa vkSj Interpreted HkhA Java ds
Programs dks lcls igys Compile fd;k tkrk gSA Java ds Program Compile gksus ds
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Java in Hindi
ckn lh/ks gh Machine Language esa Convert ugha gksrs gSa] cfYd ;s Source Code o
Machine Code ds chp dh fLFkfr esa Convert gksrs gSa ftls Bytecodes dgk tkrk gSA
bu Bytecodes dks tc fdlh Hkh Platform ij Run djuk gksrk gS rc ;s Bytecodes ml
Computer ds Platform ds vuqlkj Interpreted gks dj iwjh rjg ls ml Machine ds
vuqlkj Machine Code esa Convert gksrs gSa vkSj ml Platform ij Execute gks ldrs gSaA
Robust and Safe
Java ds Programs esa Errors vkus dh lEHkkouk vU; Languages dh rqyuk esa fcYdqy
de gksrh gSA blfy, Java ds Programs dks Robust dgk tkrk gSA blds Compiler esa
fofHkUu izdkj ls Generate gksus okyh Errors dks Handle djus ds fy, dbZ Built-In rjhds
Develop dj fn, x, gS vkSj tkok dks bl rjg ls Design fd;k x;k gS] fd ,d ckj lgh
rjhds ls Compiled Program esa dHkh Hkh Error vkus dh lEHkkouk ugha jgrh gSA ftruh Hkh
Errors vkuh gksrh gSa] os lHkh Program Development o Testing ds le; gh vk tkrh
gSa] ftUgsa Handle dj fy;k tkrk gSA
blesa Compile Time o Runtime nksuksa LFkkuksa ij fofHkUu izdkj ds Errors ds fy, fofHkUu
Data Types dh Checking gksrh gSA fofHkUu izdkj ds Objects }kjk yh tkus okyh
Memory dks ;s Lo;a gh Release dj nsrk gS] ftlls gesa bl ckr dh fpUrk djus dh
t:jr ugha gksrh gS] fd geus lHkh Unrequited Objects dks Destroy djds mudh
Memory dks Release fd;k ;k ughaA
tkok esa Exception Handling ds fy, Hkh lqfo/kk iznku dh xbZ gS] ftldk iz;ksx ge
Serious Errors dks Trap djus o mUgsa Solve djus ds fy, dj ldrs gSa] ftlls gekjs
Program dh vkSj lqj{kk gks tkrh gSA
tc ge Internet dh ckr djrs gSa] rc Security dkQh ek;uk j[krh gSA tkok Lo;a gh
fofHkUu izdkj ds Memory Management o Memory Access ls lEcaf/kr dke djrk gS]
blfy, ;s dHkh Hkh Memory o mlesa Stored Data dks xyr rjhds ls Access djus dh
NwV ugha nsrk gSA
bl otg ls Applet }kjk fdlh Computer esa Virus vkus dh lEHkkouk gh ugha gksrh gSA
D;ksafd tkok esa Pointers dh lqfo/kk ugha gS tks Directly Memory dks Access dj lds]
blfy, ge fdlh Hkh Computer dh Memory dks Directly Access ugha dj ldrs gSaA
lkFk gh tkok Applets dHkh fdlh Client Computer ds Resources dks Access ugha
djrs gSa] blfy, tkok Applets dHkh Hkh Clients ds Computer ;k mlds Data dks
uqdlku ugha igqapk ldrs gSaA
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Java in Hindi
Architecture Neutral / Platform Independent / Portable / Byte
Coded
Java ds Bytecodes fofHkUu izdkj ds Processors o Operating Systems ij leku :i
ls Run gks ldrs gSaA blfy, bls Architecture Neutral or Portable dgk tkrk gSA tkok
ds Programs dks dsoy ,d gh ckj Develop djuk gksrk gSA ,d ckj bls Develop djus
ds ckn bls fdlh Hkh Computer ij fdlh Hkh Platform ij Run fd;k tk ldrk gSA
;fn Operating System, System Resources ;k Processor esa Change fd;k tkrk gS]
rc Hkh gesa tkok ds Program esa fdlh izdkj dk Change djus dh t:jr ugha gksrh gSA
;gh tkok ds lcls T;knk Popular gksus dh eq[; otg gS] ftlls ge tkok dk iz;ksx
Internet Programming ds fy, djds World Wide Web ij Run gksus okys Applications
Develop djrs gSa vkSj fofHkUu Computers dks vkil esa Interconnected djrs gq, World
Wide Web ij dke djus ds fy, ,sls Programs dks Use djrs gSaA
ge tkok Applet dks Remote Computer ls Download dj ldrs gSa vkSj fQj mls vius
Computer ij Run dj ldrs gSaA bl izdkj dh lqfo/kk gksus ls ,d User dks mlds ?kj
ij gh fofHkUu izdkj ds Applications o Applets izkIr gks tkrs gSa] ftUgsa og Use djuk
pkgrk gSA
tkok nks rjhdksa ls Portable gksrk gS% ,d rks tkok Compiler Byte Codes Instructions
Generate djrk gS] ftls fdlh Hkh Computer ij Implement fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj
nwljk tkok ds Primitive ;k Basic Data Types Machine ij fuHkZj ugha gksrs gSa cfYd
tkok Platform ij fuHkZj gksrs gSaA ;kuh fdlh Hkh Compute ij tkok ds lHkh Data Types
dh Size leku gksrh gS] pkgs ge Pentium Computer ij tkok Program dks Use djsa]
pkgs AMD ijA
Garbage Collective
Java ,d Programmer dks Memory Manage djus dh lqfo/kk iznku ugha djrk gS cfYd
t:jr ds vuqlkj Lo;a gh Memory Management djrk gSA blfy, Programmer }kjk
Memory Management ds le; fdlh nwljs Data dks uqdlku igqapkus dh lEHkkouk ugha
gksrh gSA blfy, ;s Language “C” o “C++” tSlh Hkk’kkvksa dh rqyuk esa vf/kd lqjf{kr ;k
Secure Language gSA
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Java in Hindi
High Performance
Java ds Program Interpreted Mode esa Run gksrs gSa ysfdu fQj Hkh vU; Interpreted
Based Languages dh rqyuk esa Java dh Speed o Performance cgqr vPNh gksrh gSA
blfy, bls High Performance Language dgk tkrk gSA
Multithreaded and Interactive
Java ;s lqfo/kk iznku djrk gS fd ,d gh Software Program ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa dks ,d gh
le; esa ,d lkFk Run fd;k tk ldrk gSA blfy, bls Multithreaded Language dgk
tkrk gSA
mnkgj
...
k gh lEHko gksrk gSA
Dynamic and Extensible
Java esa ,d gh Program ds dbZ Versions dks ,d lkFk Maintain fd;k tk ldrk gSA
blfy, bls Dynamic Language Hkh dgk tkrk gSA ;kuh tkok ,d Dynamic Language
gSA tkok esa fdlh Program ds fy, Required Classes tkok ds Program ds Run gksrs
le; mlesa Link gks ldrh gS vkSj tSls gh ml Class dk dke lekIr gksrk gS] og Class
Lo;a gh Memory ls Release gks tkrh gSA bl izfØ;k dks Dynamic Process dgk tkrk
gSA
tkok ,d Query }kjk ;s Hkh Determine dj ldrk gS fd Program ds Run Time esa
mlls dkSulh Class Link gks jgh gSA lkFk gh og Program ds Run Time esa Hkh fdlh Hkh
Dynamic Class ;k Dynamic Link Library ls Link gks ldrk gS vkSj Run Time
lqfo/kkvksa dks izkIr dj ldrk gSA bl izfØ;k dks Dynamic Linking Hkh dgrs gSaA
tkok gesa vU; Languages ds Methods dks Hkh tkok esa Use djus dh lqfo/kk iznku djrk
gSA bu Methods dks Native Methods dgrs gSa vkSj ;s Program ds Run Time esa
Dynamically Link gks dj viuk dke djrs gSaA ;kuh ge tkok esa vU; Languages dh
lqfo/kkvksa dks Use djds tkok ds Program dh {kerkvksa dks c
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Java in Hindi
Java ds Programs dbZ izdkj ds gksrs gSa] muesa ls dqN fuEukuqlkj gSa %
Applications
;s ,sls Programs gksrs gSa ftUgsa Execute gksus ds fy, fdlh Browser dh t:jr ugha gksrh
gSA ;s Stand Alone gksrs gSa vkSj fdlh Hkh Computer ij Run gks ldrs gSaA bUgsa
Command Prompt ij Run fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Applets
;s ,sls Programs gksrs gSa ftUgsa Run gksus ds fy, Browser dh t:jr gksrh gSA ;s
Programs Web Pages ij Run gksrs gSaA ,d Applet Program dHkh Hkh fdlh Local
Machine ds Resources dks Access ugha djrk gSA
Servlet
;s Programs Web Servers dh Functionality dks c
budk dksbZ GUI ugha gksrk gSA
Packages
;s Java dh Classes dk ,d Collection gksrk gS ftls fdlh Hkh vU; Java Program esa
vklkuh ls Reuse fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Object Oriented Concept Programming djus dk ,d vlk/kkj
...
BccFalna
...
k gh lEHko gqvk gSA
vkt User Internet ij miyC/k fofHkUu izdkj ds Web Pages ls Java ds dkj
...
k ysuk pkgsa] rks Share Market dk lkjk dke Online gksrk
gSA User tc pkgs vius Account dh Information dks izkIr dj ldrk gSA ;fn og fdlh
Company dk Share [kjhnuk pkgrk gS] rks og Online [kjhn ldrk gSA tSls gh og Share
[kjhnrk gS] ml Company ds Buyers dh la[;k c< tkrh gSA blh rjg ls ;fn Share dks
cspk tkrk gS] rks Company ds Sellers dh la[;k c< tkrh gSA ;s tks ifjorZu Web Pages ds
Data esa gksrk gS] og Dynamic ifjorZu dgykrk gSA ;kuh Web Page Dynamically ;k Run
Time esa User ds Interaction ls Update gksrk gSA bl izdkj dh Secure Dynamic o
Online lqfo/kk gesa Java ds dkj
...
kZ yxrh gS ysfdu ;s ,d
General Purpose Language Hkh gS ftldk iz;ksx lHkh rjg ds Programs dks Develop
djus esa gksrk gSA vkt ge Mobile ds ftrus Hkh Software ns[krs gSa muesa ls T;knkrj Java
Based gSaA Mobile esa tks Games Run gksrs gSa os T;knkrj Java esa Develop fd, tkrs gSaA
Java – Working
tc Java ds fdlh Program dks Compile fd;k tkrk gS rc Java dk Program iwjh rjg ls
Machine Language esa Convert ugha gksrk gS cfYd ,d Intermediate Language esa
Convert gksrk gS] ftls Java Bytecodes dgk tkrk gSA ;s Codes Platform Independent
gksrs gSa] blfy, bUgsa fdlh Hkh Operating System o fdlh Hkh Processor ij pyk;k tk
ldrk gSA Java ds Program dh Compilation dsoy ,d gh ckj gksrh gS ysfdu ftruh ckj Hkh
Java ds Program dks pyk;k tkrk gS] gj ckj ml Program dk Interpretation gksrk gSA bls
ge fuEu fp= }kjk le> ldrs gSa&
Java Bytecodes dks ge Java Virtual Machine (Java VM) ds fy, Machine Codes eku
ldrs gSaA gj Java Interpreter pkgs og Java Development Tool gks ;k dksbZ Browser tks
fd Java Applets dks Run djrk gks] Java Virtual Machine dk gh Implementation gSA
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Java in Hindi
Java Virtual Machine dks Hardware esa Hkh Implement fd;k tk ldrk gS] ftldk ifj
...
k ds fy, ,d gh Java Program Windows, OS/2 MacOS NT, Macintosh vkfn
fofHkUu Platform ij Execute gks ldrs gSaA
Java Platform
Platform ,d ,d ,slk Software ;k Hardware Environment gksrk gS ftlesa dksbZ Program
Run gksrk gSA Java Platform dbZ vU; Platforms ls vyx gSA Java Platform ,d
Software Platform gS] tks lHkh vU; Hardware Based Platform ds Top ij ;kuh Åij
Run gksrk gSA T;knkrj vU; Platforms Hardware o Operating System dk Combination
gksrs gSaA
Java Platform ds nks Components gSaA igyk gS Java Virtual Machine (Java VM)
ftlds ckjs esa ge tku pqds gSaA ;s Java Platform dk Base ;k vk/kkj gS vkSj fofHkUu
Hardware Base Platform ds Åij jgrk gSA nwljk gksrk gS Java Application Programming
Interface (Java API) ftlds ckjs essa ge vc tkusaxsA
Java API Ready Made Software Components dk ,d cgqr cMk Collection gS tks fd
Programmer dks GUI (Graphical User Interface) tSlh dbZ mi;ksxh {kerk,a iznku djrk gSA
Java API dks Related Components dh Libraries ds :i esa Group dj fn;k x;k gSA bu
fofHkUu Related Components ds Group dks gh Packages dgrs gSaA ,d Java Program
dks ge fuEu fp=kuqlkj n”kkZ ldrs gSa%
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Java in Hindi
tc ,d Java Program dks fdlh Computer ij Execute fd;k tkrk gS rks Java Program
o Hardware Based Platform ds chp Java API o Java Virtual Machine dh Layer gksrh
gSa tks Java ds Program dks Hardware Dependencies ls vyx djrh gSaA
;kuh bu nksuksa dh otg ls Java dk dksbZ Program fdlh Hkh Computer ds Hardware ij
fuHkZj ugha gksrk gSA ,d Platform Independent Environment ds :i esa Java dk Program
vU; Native Codes Programs dh rqyuk esa dqN /khek gksrk gSA ysfdu fQj Hkh vPNs
Compilers, Java ds lkFk vPNh rjg ls Tune gksus okys Interpreters vkSj Bytecodes
Compilers dh otg ls Java dh Performance dks Native Code dh Performance ds
vkl&ikl yk;k tk ldrk gS vkSj oks Hkh tkok dh lHkh fo”ks’krkvksa ds lkFkA
Java Programs dk lcls vf/kd tkuk igpkuk ;fn dksbZ :i gS rks og Java Applets dk gSA
,d Applet Hkh ,d Java Program gh gksrk gS ysfdu bldh fo”ks’krk ;s gS fd ;s fdlh Java
Enabled Browser tSls fd Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Opera
vkfn esa Run gksrk gS] Lora= :i ls ;s Run ugha gks ldrkA tcfd Java Application
Standalone Run gks ldrs gSaA
Applets Application ds leku gh gksrs gSaA ,slk Hkh ugha gS fd Java dk iz;ksx dsoy Web
Pages Applications fy[kus ds fy, gh fd;k tk ldrk gSA cfYd Java ,d Powerful
Software Platform vkSj General Purpose High Level Programming Language Hkh gSA
Java ds lcls Common Application Programs ds mnkgj
...
k gSaA
Servlets Applets ds leku gh gksrs gS] ysfdu fdlh Browser esa Run gksus ds ctk; ;s Java
a
Servers esa Run gksrs gSa vkSj Java Server dh Configuring ;k Tailoring djrs gSaA
,d loky iSnk gks ldrk gS fd Java API bu lHkh izdkj ds Programs dks fdl izdkj ls
Support djrk gSA bldk tokc ;s gS fd ;s bu lHkh izdkj ds Programs dks ,d Software
Components ds Package ds ek/;e ls Support djrk gS ftlesa fofHkUu izdkj dh
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Java in Hindi
Functionalities gksrh gSaA Core API ,d ,slk API gS tks gj Java Platform esa iwjh rjg ls
Implemented gksrk gSA Core API gesa fuEu Features iznku djrk gS&
The Essentials:
Objects, strings, threads, numbers, input and output, data structures, system
properties, date and time tSlh dbZ phtksa dks Handle djus dh lqfo/kk iznku djrk gSA
Applets:
Java applets cukus ds fy, fofHkUu Components iznku djrk gSA
Networking:
Networking dh lqfo/kk izkIr djus ds fy, URLs, TCP o UDP sockets rFkk IP addresses
iznku djrk gSA
Internationalization:
;s gesa ,slh lqfo/kk iznku djrk gS fd ge ,sls Programs fy[k ldrs gSa tks lkjh nqfu;k esa leku
:i ls py ldrk gSA
Security:
;s gesa Low-level vkSj high-level nksuksa izdkj dh lqj{kk iznku djrk gSA lkFk gh electronic
signatures, public/private key management, access control vkSj certificates dh Hkh
lqfo/kk iznku djrk gSA
Software components:
;s gesa JavaBeans tSls Components iznku djrk gS tks fdlh igys ls cus gq, Component
Architecture esa tSls fd Microsoft's OLE/COM/Active-X architecture, OpenDoc vkSj
Netscape's Live Connect esa Plug in gks ldrk gSA
Object serialization:
;s gesa Remote Method Invocation (RMI) }kjk nwljs ljy midj
...
BccFalna
...
k Robots gSaA bu Robots dks vehj yksx vius
?kjksa esa j[krs gSaA ;s Robots ,sls gksrs gSa fd bUgsa tks dke djus ds fy, dg fn;k tkrk gS ;k
fdlh rjhds ls crk fn;k tkrk gS] ;s Robots os lHkh dke cMh gh vPNh rjg ls dj ysrs gSaA
tSls ;fn vki bu
[kksyuk gSA rks ;s
ftlesa vki fdlh
ckr ekurk gS vkSj
Robots dks dgsa fd tc vkids ?kj dh Bell Ring gks rks bUgsa ?kj dk njoktk
oSlk gh djrs gSaA ;s Computer Program dk ,d lk/kkj
...
k gS
futhZo Robot dks dqN Instruction nsrs gSa] vkSj og futhZo Robot vkidh
vkids }kjk crk;k x;k dke dj nsrk gSA
blh rjg ls Computer dks Hkh fofHkUu izdkj ds Instructions iznku fd, tkrs gSa] ftuds
vuqlkj Computer dke djrk gSA tSls fd Microsoft Company us Windows ds Program
}kjk Computer dks ;s Instruction fn;k gS fd ;fn dksbZ Mouse dks Move djrk gS] rks
Monitor dh Screen ij fLFkr Cursor ;k Pointer Hkh mlh rjg ls Move gksuk pkfg,A ;fn
dksbZ Start Button ij Click djrk gS rks Start Menu Popup gksuk pkfg,] vkfn&vkfnA
;kuh Computer ij ge tks dksbZ Action djrs gSa] mls Response djus ds fy, igys ls gh
Program fy[kk x;k gSA tc dksbZ Event gksrk gS] Computer ml Event ls lEcaf/kr
Program ds vuqlkj dke djus yxrk gS vkSj gesa gekjk Required Result iznku djrk gSA
Computer esa tks Hkh dqN gksrk gS mls Event dgrs gSaA tSls ;fn ge Mouse dks Move djrs
gSa rks MouseMove Event Generate gksrk gS] ;fn ge Mouse ls Click djrs gSa rks
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Java in Hindi
MouseClick] Event Generate gksrk gSA blh rjg ls ;fn ge Keyboard ij dksbZ Key
Press djrs gSa rks Keypress Event Generate gksrk gSA
;s rks Hardware Events ds mnkgj
...
k ds
fy, fdlh Window dks Minimize djuk] Restore djuk] fdlh Window dks Close djuk
vkfn Software Events ds mnkgj
...
h>
main()
{
printf("Hello Gopala");
}
bl Program }kjk ge gekjs Computer dks dsoy ,d Message Screen ij Print djus ds
fy, ,d Instruction iznku dj jgs gSaA ;s Program Computer Screen ij “Hello Gopala”
Print djrk gSA
ge fdlh Computer Program esa ftruh Hkh Coding Lines fy[krs gSa] ;s lHkh Lines
Program Statements dgykrh gSaA Computer mu lHkh Statements dks ,d fuf”pr Øe
esa Handle djrk gS] Bhd mlh rjg ls ftl rjg ls ,d jlksbZ;k fdlh fo”ks’k izdkj ds idoku
dks cukus ds fy, ,d fo”ks’k Øe dk ikyu djrk gSA
pwafd Computer mlh Øe esa fofHkUu Statements ds vuqlkj dke djrk gS ftl Øe esa ,d
Programmer fdlh Program dks fy[krk gSA blfy, ;fn dksbZ Program oSlk Result iznku
ugha djrk] tSlk ,d Programmer pkgrk gS] rks ;s Computer dh xyrh ugha gS cfYd ml
Program dh Mistake gSA
T;knkrj Program mlh rjg ls fy[ks tkrs gSa] ftl rjg ls ge dksbZ Letter fy[krs gSa] ftlesa
fdlh Word Processor esa ge gj Word dks Type djrs gSaA dqN Programming
Languages ds Compilers ds lkFk muds [kqn ds Word Processors vkrs gSa] tSls fd Turbo
C++ dk Program Creation dk iwjk IDE vkrk gS tcfd dqN Compilers ds lkFk dksbZ
Word Processor ugha vkrkA
ftu Compilers ds lkFk dksbZ Word Processor ugha vkrk ftlesa Program dh Coding dh
tk lds] rks ,sls Program ds Source Code fy[kus ds fy, fdlh Hkh vU; Word Processor
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Java in Hindi
dk iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA ge Java Developer Kit ds lHkh Components dk iz;ksx fdlh
Hkh Word Processor tSls fd Notepad ;k WordPad ds lkFk dj ldrs gSaA
tc ,d Program ds Source Codes fy[k fy, tkrs gSa] rks mlds ckn ml Source File dks
ml Language ds Extension ds lkFk Save djuk gksrk gSA tSls ;fn ge Notepad dk iz;ksx
djds “C” Language dk Program fy[krs gSa rks File dks Save djrs le; gesa File ds uke
ds ckn
...
java Extension dk iz;ksx djuk gksrk gSA tSls Program
...
java vkfnA
ge tks Program fy[krs gSa os English ds dqN lkekU; Words gksrs gSaA ysfdu Computer
dsoy Binary Language dks gh le>rk gSA blfy, gesa ,d ,sls Program dh t:jr gksrh gS
tks gekjs Source Codes dks Computer ds le>us ;ksX; Machine Language esa Convert
dj ldsA
Interpreter ,d ,slk Program gS tks fdlh Hkh Program dh Source File ds gj
Statement ;k Code dh gj Line dks Computer dh Machine Language esa Convert
djds Computer dks crkrk gS fd mls D;k djuk gSA
dqN Languages esa ,d vU; Software ftls Compiler dgrs gSa dk iz;ksx djds Source
Code File dks Machine Language esa Convert djrk gSA bu nksuksa esa vUrj dsoy bruk gS
fd Interpreter Source File ds gj Line ;k gj Statement dks Computer ds le>us ;ksX;
Binary Language esa Convert djrk gS vkSj ;fn fdlh Statement esa dksbZ Error gks rks ml
Line ;k Statement ls vkxs Interpret ugha gksrkA
tcfd Compiler ,d ,slk Program gksrk gS tks iwjs Program dks ,d lkFk Machine
Language esa Convert djrk gSA ;fn Program esa dksbZ Error gks rks Program lHkh Errors
dks ,d lkFk Display djrk gS vkSj rc rd Program dks Machine Language esa Convert
ugha djrk gS tc rd fd lHkh Errors dks Debug uk dj fn;k tk,A
tks Program Interpreted gksrs gSa os Compiled Program dh rqyuk esa /khjs pyrs gSaA ysfdu
Java ,d ,slh Language gS ftldks Interpreter o Compiler nksuksa dh t:jr gksrh gSA
tc Hkh ge dksbZ Program fy[krs gSa rks mlesa fdlh uk fdlh rjg dh Errors gesa”kk vkrh gSA
bu Errors dks Computer Programming dh Hkk’kk esa Bug dgk tkrk gS vkSj bu Errors dks
lgh djus ds Process dks Debug djuk dgrs gSaA
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Java in Hindi
Procedural Techniques and OOPS
Pascal, C, Basic, Fortran tSlh ikjEifjd Hkk’kk,a Procedural Languages ds mnkgj
...
k “C++” izkIr gqvk tks fd Object Oriented
Concept ij vk/kkfjr gSA vko”;drk ds vuqlkj bl Hkk’kk dh dfe;ksa dks Hkh igpkuk x;k vkSj
mlesa lq/kkj djus ij tks ubZ Hkk’kk lkeus vkbZ og Java FkhA vkb;sa] ge Hkh tkuus dh dksf”k”k
djrs gSa fd “C” Hkk’kk esa ,slh dkSulh dfe;ka Fkha] ftuesa lq/kkj dh vko”;drk eglwl dh xbZ \
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Java in Hindi
Procedural Languages esa dke gksus dk egRo Fkk Data dk ugha] ;kuh fd Keyboard ls
Data Input fd;k tk,] Data ij Processing dh tk,] Errors dks Check fd;k tk, vkfnA
Functions esa Hkh blh egRo dks tkjh j[kk x;kA Functions dksbZ dke djrs gSa] mlh izdkj ls
ftl izdkj ls lk/kkj
...
k ds fy;s] fdlh Inventory ds Program esa fdlh Data File dks Memory esa Load
fd;k tkrk gS] rc ;s File ,d Global Variable dh rjg gksrh gS] ftls dksbZ Hkh Function
Use dj ldrk gSA ;s Functions Data ij fofHkUu izdkj ds Operations djrs gSaA ;kuh ;s
Data dks Read djrs gS] Analyze djrs gSa] Update djrs gSa] Rearrange djrs gSa] Display
djrs gSa vkSj okil Disk ij Write djrs gSaA “C” esa Local Variables Hkh gksrs gSa ysfdu Local
Variables, egRoiw
...
kZ Data dks u’V dj nsrk gSA ,slk gksuk dkQh
vklku gS D;ksafd dksbZ Hkh Function Data dks Access dj ldrk gSA
blfy;s D;ksafd Procedural Language esa Data Global gksrk gSA ;s dqN ,slk gh gS tSls fd
vki vius Personal dkxtkr dks Telephone Directory ds ikl j[k nsa tgka dHkh Hkh dksbZ Hkh
igqap ldrk gS] mlls NsMNkM dj ldrk gS vkSj mls u’V dj ldrk gSA blh izdkj ls
Procedural Languages esa gksrk gS tgka vkidk Data Global gksrk gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh Function
mls Use djds [kjkc dj ldrk gS ;k uqdlku igqapk ldrk gSA
Procedural Languages dh nwljh deh ;s Fkh fd dbZ Functions ,d lkFk ,d gh Data dks
Use dj jgs gksrs gSa] blfy;s Data dks Store djus dk rjhdk dkQh tfVy gks tkrk gSA leku
Data dks Use dj jgs lHkh Functions dks Modify fd, fcuk Data esa fdlh izdkj dk dksbZ
ifjorZu ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA
mnkgj
...
BccFalna
...
BccFalna
...
k ysrs gSaA ekuk ,d cMk izhfr&Hkkst dk lekjksg gS ftlesa lHkh esgeku fdlh
Dining Table ds pkjksa vksj cSBs gSaA tks Hkh [kkuk Table ij j[kk gS ge mls Data dg ldrs gSa
vkSj ml Table ds pkjksa vksj cSBs yksxksa dks ge Functions ;k Operations eku ldrs gSaA
Object ds Operations gesa”kk vius Data ;kuh Attributes dh State esa ifjorZu djrs gSaA bl
mnkgj
...
BccFalna
...
BccFalna
...
kke ;s gS fd Java ds Codes dks i
dk iz;ksx ugha gksrk gS cfYd Java dk Compiler Source Code File ls lh/ks gh Class
Definitions cuk ysrk gS ftlesa Class Definitions o Methods nksuksa gksrs gSaA
Pointers
ftrus Hkh “C” ;k “C++” ds Programmers gSa] os lHkh ekurs gSa fd ;fn Pointers dks iwjh
lko/kkuh ls iz;ksx uk fd;k tk, rks ,sls Errors Generate gksrs gSa] ftUgsa Debug djus esa fnekx
dk ilhuk fudy tkrk gSA lkFk gh Pointers ds iz;ksx ls Program gesa”kk le>us esa tfVy gks
tkrk gS] gkykafd Pointers ds iz;ksx ls gekjk Program Directly Memory Locations dks
Access dj ldrk gS] blfy, Program dh Speed rqyuk esa rst gks tkrh gSA
“C++” ds Programmers gesa”kk Dynamic Data Structure dks Create o Maintain djus ds
fy, Pointers Arithmetic dk iz;ksx djrs gSa vkSj gesa”kk tfVy Bugs esa Qalrs gSaA “C++”
Programmers dk T;knkrj le; mu Programs dks Create djus esa ugha chrrk ftuesa
Pointer dk iz;ksx gksrk gS] cfYd mu Programs dks Debug djus esa chrrk gSA
Java Pointers dks Support ugha djrk gSA ;kuh Java esa Pointes tSlh dksbZ O;oLFkk ugha gS
tks Directly Memory dks Access dj ldsA gkykafd Pointers ds LFkku ij Java esa
References dk cgqr iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS tks fd Pointers ds leku gh dke djrs gSa ysfdu
References dk Arithmetic lkekU; Arithmetic tSlk gh gksrk gS uk fd Pointer Arithmetic
tSlkA
bl Process ls mu lHkh Errors ls NqVdkjk fey tkrk gS tks Pointers ds Mismanagement
ds dkj
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BccFalna
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kZ Object Oriented
Programming Language gS] D;ksafd blesa tks Hkh dke djuk gksrk gS] mlds fy, Class
Develop djuh iMrh gSA blls Program Codes dks uk dsoy Reuse fd;k tk ldrk gS
cfYd Program dks Maintain djuk Hkh vU; Languages dh rqyuk esa dkQh ljy gksrk gSA
38
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Java in Hindi
Functions
“C” o “C++” esa lHkh Program Codes dks fdlh uk fdlh Function esa fy[kk tkrk gSA ;gka
rd fd Main Program Hkh ,d Function main() esa gksrk gS tgka vko”;drkuqlkj vU;
Functions dks Call djds viuk dke iwjk fd;k tkrk gSA ;s Functions Global j[ks tkrs gSa
rkfd iwjs Program dk dksbZ Hkh vU; Function bUgsa Call dj lds vkSj Data ij Required
Processing dj ldsA “C++” esa Hkh Functions gksrs gSa ftuds ek/;e ls Class ds Data dks
Access fd;k tkrk gSA bu Functions dks gh Method dgk tkrk gSA
“C++” Class ds Methods Java Class ds Methods ds leku gh gksrs gSaA fQj Hkh pwafd
“C++” “C” tSlh Procedural Language dks Hkh Support djrk gS blfy, bls iwjh rjg ls
Object Oriented Programming Language ugha dgk tk ldrk] cfYd bls Hybrid
Language dgk tkrk gSA bl fLFkfr esa “C++” ds Class ds Methods o Class ds ckgj ds
Functions nksuksa dk Mixture gksrk gS] blfy, dqN gn rd “C++” esa Confusion dh fLFkfr Hkh
cuh jgrh gS ftlls dbZ ckj vthc rjg ds Bugs dk lkeuk djuk iMrk gSA
Java esa dksbZ Function ugha gksrk gS] blfy, Java “C++” dh rqyuk esa iwjh rjg ls Object
Oriented Programming Language gSA Java Programmer dks bl ckr ds fy, ck/; djrh
gS fd Programmer vius lHkh Routines dks Class Methods ds :i esa O;ofLFkr djds j[ksA
Java dh bl ck/;rk ds dkj
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BccFalna
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BccFalna
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BccFalna
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kke iznku djrk gSA Instructions ds bl lewg dks gh Program dgk
tkrk gSA
42
www
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Java in Hindi
Computer esa gj Electrical Signal ;k mlds lewg dks Store djds j[kus dh lqfo/kk gksrh gSA
bu Electrical Signals ds lewg dks File dgrs gSaA Computer esa tks Hkh dqN gksrk gS og File
ds :i esa gksrk gSA Computer esa nks rjg dh File gksrh gSA igyh og File gksrh gS ftlesa ge
gekjs egRoiw
...
k gSaA
Application Software:
;s Software izksxzkejksa }kjk fy[ks tkrs gSa o ;s Software fdlh [kkl izdkj dh leL;k dk
lek/kku izkIr djus ds fy;s gksrs gSaA tSls Tally, MS–Office vkfn Application Software ds
mnkgj
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BccFalna
...
com
इस Website पर उपलब् सभी Saleable Hindi EBooks क साथ “ADD TO CART” नाम का एक Button
े
Attached है । आप जो भी पस् क खर�दना चाहते ह�, उसक साथ Associated ADD TO CART Button को Click
े
ु
करते ह� वह पस् क आपक Shopping Cart म� Add हो जाती है :
े
ु
य�द आप अपने Shopping Cart म� कई पस् क Add करते ह�, तो Extra Discount प्राप होता है , जो �क
�
ु
Discount Amount व Discount Amount घटाने क बाद सभी पस् क� क Total Payable Amount क रूप म
े
े
े
ु
इसी My Shopping Cart म� उपरोक् �चत्रानुसार �दखाई देता ह
सभी वां�छत पस् क अपने Shopping Cart म� Add करने क बाद अपना Order Place करने हे तु Checkout
�
े
ु
Button को Click करना होता है । प�रणामस् रप �नम् ननुसार Checkout Page Display होता है , जहां आपको
अपनी Billing Details को Specify करक अपना Payment Mode Select करना होता है :
े
1
य�द आप इन पस् क� को खर�दने क �लए Total Payable Amount का भुगतान अपने Debit Card (ATM,
े
ु
Credit Card), Cash Card अथवा Net Banking) द्वारा घर बैठे करना चाहते ह, तो आपको Online Payment
Option Select करना होता है ।
ले�कन य�द आपक पास �कसी प्रकार कCCAvenue Supported Debit Card (ATM, Credit Card) या Cash
े
Card नह�ं है , न ह� आपक पास �कसी Bank क� Internet या Mobile Banking सु�वधा है, तो उस िस्थ�त म अपना
े
Offline Order Place करने क �लए Offline Manual Payment Option को Select कर सकते ह�।
े
2
Online Payment using CCAvenue
जब आप Online Payment Option को Select करते हुए “Place order” Button पर Click करते ह�, तो आपक
े
सामने �नम् ननुसार Page Display होता है :
अपनी सु�वधा अपने Debit Card (ATM, Credit Card), Net Banking, Cash Card या Mobile Payments
Option को Select क�िजए और उपरोक् �चत्र म� दशार्ए अनुसार सभी जर Payment Information को Fill
करक Make Payment Button पर Click क�िजए तथा आगे आने वाले Payment Security से सम् ब�धत Step
े
(Login/Password/Pin) Follow क�िजए, ता�क आपका Total Payable Amount आपक Bank A/c से हमारे Bank
े
A/c म� Transfer हो सक।
े
3
आपका Payment Transfer होते ह� आप �नम् �चत्रानुस My Account Page पर पहुंच जाते ह�, जहां पर आप
द्वार Order क� गई सभी पस् क� क Download Links होते ह�, साथ ह� आपको Automatically एक Email भी
े
ु
Send कर �दया जाता है, िजसम� आप द्वार खर�द� गई पस् क� क Download Links होते ह�:
े
ु
4
Offline Payment using Manual Ways
जब आप Offline Manual Payment Option को Select करते हुए “Place order” Button पर Click करते ह�, तो
Click करते ह� आपका Order Place हो जाता है और आपक सामने �नम् ननुसार Page Display होता है :
े
ये Webpage आप द्वारा Place �कए गए Order क� Information क साथ ह� Order क� गई पस् क� क
े
े
ु
Download Links प्राप करने क �लए Follow �कए जाने वाले अगले Step क� जानकार� भी दे ता है, साथ ह�
े
इस Page पर �दखाई दे ने वाल� सार� Information आपको आपक Email पर भी Send कर द� जाती है , िजन् ह
े
Follow करते हुए आप अपने Total Payable Amount का Offline Manual Payment करक अपनी Order क� गई
े
पस् क� क Download Links प्राप कर सकते ह�।
े
ु
जब आप इस Offline Manual Payment Option को Select करते हुए Order Place करते ह�, तो आपका Order
तब तक On-Hold Status म� रहता है , जब तक �क आप Offline Manual Payment Page पर Specified �कसी
भी तर�क का प्रयोग करते हुए अप Total Payable Amount, हमारे Bank A/c म� Transfer/Deposit नह�ं कर
े
दे ते।
अपना Total Payable Amount हमारे Bank A/c म� Transfer/Deposit करने क बाद आपको हमारे Mobile No
...
Vs dk le; yxrk gSA
blfy, bl fLFkfr esa csgrj ;gh gksrk gS fd ;fn vkids ikl Net Banking, Mobile Baking,
AirTel Money ;k SBI/PNB/BOB Debit Card fdlh Hkh rjg dh lqfo/kk u gks] rks vki Total
Payable Amount dk Payment djus ds fy, Cash Deposit rjhds dks gh Use djsa vFkok Bank esa
tkdj NEFT Transfer Hkh dj ldrs gSa] ftlesa vkidk Payment vf/kdre 4 ?k
...
Vs
igys gekjs ml Account dks Beneficiary ds :i esa vius Bank A/c ls Link djuk iMrk gS] ftlesa
vki Payment Transfer djuk pkgrs gSaA tc ,d ckj gekjk Bank Account Beneficiary ds :i esa
Activate gks tkrk gS] mlds ckn vki ml Bank Account esa viuk Total Payable Amount
Transfer dj ldrs gSaA
Pay with Mobile-Banking or AirTel Money
;fn vkius vius Mobile Number ij AirTel Money uke dh Service dks Activate fd;k gqvk gS] rks
vki vius Mobile }kjk AirTel Money Account ds ek/;e ls Hkh gesa Payment dj ldrs gSaA tcfd
;fn vkius vius Bank ls Mobile Banking dh lqfo/kk dks Activate djok;k gqvk gS] rks vki vius
Mobile }kjk gesa Mobile-Banking ds ek/;e ls Hkh Payment Transfer dj ldrs gSaA
;fn vki viuk Total Payable Amount Pay djus ds fy, AirTel Money ;k Mobile Banking
Transfer lqfo/kk dks Use djrs gSa] rks vkidk Payment rqjUr gekjs Account esa Transfer gks tkrk gSA
blfy, rqjUr EBooks izkIr djus gsrq Payment Transfer djus dk ;s lcls rst rjhdk gSA tcfd
blds vykok tks nwljk lcls rst rjhdk gS] og ATM Machine }kjk Fund Transfer lqfo/kk dk
mi;ksx djrs gq, Payment Transfer djuk gSA
tcfd Internet-Banking ml fLFkfr esa dkQh /khek Process gS] tc vki igyh ckj Payment dj
jgs gksrs gSa] D;ksafd First Time Payment djus ls igys vkidks Beneficiary ds :i esa gekjs fdlh ,d
Bank Account dks vius Bank Account ls Link djuk iMrk gS vkSj bl Process esa Payment
Transfer gsrq gekjk Bank Account Activate gksus esa de ls de 8 ls 24 ?k
...
k ds fy, ;fn vki gekjs SBI Bank A/c esa viuh Selected iqLrdksa dk Total Payable
Amount Pay djus ds fy, Bank esa tkdj Direct Deposit djuk pkgrs gSa] rks vki tks Payment
Deposit Slip Fill-Up djsaxs] og vxys fp=kuqlkj djuk gksrk gSA
12
bl fp= }kjk vki le> ldrs gSa fd Payment, Direct Deposit djus ds fy, vkidks gekjs fdlh
Bank A/c dh Information dks Payment Deposit Slip esa Specify djuk gksrk gS] blfy, ml
Bank esa vkidk Lo;a dk Bank A/c gksuk t:jh ugha gksrkA
blh rjg ls ;fn vki pkgsa] rks gekjs fdlh Hkh
Amount dk Check Deposit dj ldrs gSaA
Bank A/c
esa
Check
}kjk Hkh Total
Payable
;kuh vki fdlh Hkh rjhds ls gekjs fdlh Hkh Bank A/c esa Total Payable Amount Deposit dj
ldrs gSaA ysfdu ge Money-Order, Demand-Draft ;k Check tSls Manual ek/;eksa ls
Payment Accept ugha djrs] D;ksafd bl rjg dk Payment Clear gksus esa cgqr le; yxrk gSA
tcfd ATM Fund Transfer, Cash Deposit, Mobile Banking vFkok Net-Banking ds ek/;e ls
rqjUr Payment Transfer gks tkrk gS] ftlls ge vkidks vkidh Purchased EBooks 10 ls 30
Minute ds njE;ku vkids Order esa Specified Email Address ij Send dj nsrs gSaA
viuk Payment djus ds fy, vki ftu Offline Manual rjhdksa dks mi;ksx esa ys ldrs gSa] mudh
Detailed Information vki http://www
...
com/how-to-deposit-payment/ ls Hkh izkIr dj
ldrs gSa] tgka vkidks Payment djus ls lEcaf/kr fdlh Hkh rjg dk Latest Update izkIr gksrk gSA
Pay with PayPal if you live Out Of India
;fn vki India esa ugha jgrs ysfdu ;s Hindi EBooks [kjhnuk pkgrs gSa] rks vki viuh okafNr
iqLrdksa ds Total Payable Amount dk Hkqxrku gesa PayPal ds ek/;e ls bccfalna@gmail