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Unit 4 – The Natural Environment and Species Survival
HIV AND AIDS:
What is the structure of HIV?
-Glycoprotein and a lipid bilayer constitute a HIV envelope derived from the host
membrane
...

-Layer of viral protein
-Viral proteins inside the capsid e
...
reverse transcriptase and integrase
How is AIDS formed?
-Acquired immune deficiency syndrome is caused by infection with HIV
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-They then combine with a second receptor
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-Macrophages also have CD4 receptors so HIV can also infect them
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-The first step is to reverse normal transcription and manufacture DNA from the RNA
template
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-Once the HIV DNA strand is produced, it is integrated into the host’s DNA by another HIV
enzyme integrase
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PHASES OF HIV:
What is the acute phase of HIV?
-HIV antibodies appear in blood after 3-12 weeks
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What is the chronic phase of HIV?
-The virus continues to reproduce rapidly
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-Dormant diseases like TB and shingles can be reactive
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What is the disease phase of HIV?
-The increased number of viruses in circulation and a declining number of T helper cells
indicates the onset of AIDS
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