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Control of Breathing
In our body we have receptors that will detect changes in our body
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The muscle receptors, also known as proprioceptors, detect a change in muscle movement
and send an impulse to the Medulla Oblongata
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Other receptors are the chemoreceptors
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Our acidity levels increase when we are performing aerobic respiration because the
waste products are carbon dioxide and lactic acid
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During expiration we have stretch receptors in the lungs that will detect when the lungs
have stretched too much in the process of inspiration which will then send an impulse to the
respiratory control centre to start the process of expiration to get the lungs back to normal
size
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Finally the baroreceptor, these detect changes in your blood pressure
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Gaseous Exchange
For Gaseous Exchange I have put together a video of me explaining it
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youtube
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Gaseous Exchange is gasses moving from an area of
high partial pressure to low partial pressure (the pressure exerted by a gas within a mixture
of gases, it is represented as mm Hg)
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Oxygen from the atmosphere moves into the lungs
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The oxygen in the alveoli defuses into the capillaries
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This happens because the mitochondria
have used the oxygen that was already there for aerobic respiration
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After the mitochondria have used the oxygen for aerobic respiration, CO2 is a waste
product
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6
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The deoxygenated
blood is then transported the lungs via the heart
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Because the partial pressure in the lungs is lower than the capillaries, the Co2
defuses into the alveoli
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Once the CO2 has defused into the alveoli, it then defuses into the atmosphere
because the partial pressure of CO2 is lower than in the lungs
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Inspiratory Reserve Volume

This is the volume of air that
can be inspired after we
inhale a normal breath
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Expiratory Reserve Volume

Vital Capacity

Maximum amount of air that
is forced out of the lungs
followed by the maximum
amount of oxygen inhaled
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Total Lung Capacity

The maximum amount of air
that can be inhaled
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This is because we
always need oxygen in our
body to perform aerobic
respiration within the
working muscles
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We use our vital capacity
during exercise because we
need to inhale as much
oxygen as we can to supply
the working muscles with
the oxygen they need for
aerobic respiration followed
by removing the carbon
dioxide that builds up after
aerobic respiration
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This is important
when we exercise because
When only ever use our total
lung capacity when we push
our body to exhaustion
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Inspiration and Expiration
During inspiration our ribs go up and out
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This increases our thoracic volume and
reduces the air pressure in the lungs
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During exercise, more muscles are used for inspiration: Scaleni,
sternocleidomastoids, trapezius, back and neck extenders
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This is an active process because the muscles are contracting
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This is able to happen because our internal
intercostal muscles contract which pull our rib cage in
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The diaphragm relaxes which means it returns back to its original form
(dome) this increases the thoracic pressure which causes the alveoli to close up forcing the
air out of the lungs and back into the environment
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During expiration the muscle groups stay the same, even during
exercise, this is because all muscles are relaxing so no work is actually done, except for the
lungs as they have to contract

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