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The pharynx and larynx
The pharynx
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Superior part of the digestive (alimentary) system
Located posterior to the nasal and oral cavities, and extends inferiorly past
the larynx
Extends from the cranial base to inferior borders of the cricoid cartilage
(anterior)/C6 vertebrae (posterior)
Widest opposite the hyoid bone (5cm) and narrowest at inferior end, just
before the oesophagus (1
...
com Image Gallery, Pharynx Anatomy, Muscles of Pharynx,
available at http://www
...
com/medimages/?level=picture&id=142



Overlapping of the muscles leaves four spaces for structures to enter or leave
the pharynx
o Gap between the superior pharyngeal constrictor and the cranium:
the levator veli palatini, pharyngotympanic tube and ascending
palatine artery
o Gap between the superior and middle constrictors: stylopharyngeus,
glossopharyngeal nerve and stylohyoid ligament pass to external
aspect of the pharyngeal wall
o Gap between middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors: internal
laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal artery and vein pass to the
larynx
o Gap below the inferior pharyngeal constrictor: recurrent laryngeal
nerve and inferior laryngeal artery pass superiorly into the larynx

Taken from RahulGladwin
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rahulgladwin
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Taken from PainNeck
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painneck
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com, Spotlight on: the larynx, available at
http://vibrantvoicetechnique
...
com, Medical Images, Available at
http://www
...
com/medical-images/

Taken from Moore et al, Clinically Oriented Anatomy, Seventh Edition

Muscle
Cricothyroid
Thyroarytenoid
Posterior cricoarytenoid
Lateral cricoarytenoid
Transverse and
oblique
arytenoids
Vocalis

Origin
Anterolateral
cricoid cartilage
Thyroid laminaecricothyroid
ligament
Posterior cricoid

Insertion
Inferior horn thyroid cartilage
Anterolateral arytenoid
Vocal process of arytenoid

Cricoid arch

Innervation
External laryngeal
(CNX)
Inferior laryngeal
(recurrent) (CNX)

Action
Stretch and tense vocal ligament
Relaxes vocal ligament
Abducts vocal folds
Adducts vocal folds

Arytenoid

Contralateral arytenoid

Adducts arytenoids (adduct fold,
closing rima)

Vocal process of
arytenoid

Ipsilateral vocal ligament

Relaxes posterior vocal ligament,
increases tension of anterior part

Arteries of larynx
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Laryngeal arteries are the superior and inferior thyroid arteries
Superior laryngeal artery accompanies the internal branch of the superior
laryngeal nerve through the thyrohyoid membrane to supply internal surface
Cricothyroid artery is a branch of the superior thyroid artery that supplies the
cricothyroid muscle
Inferior laryngeal artery (branch of inferior thyroid) accompanies the inferior
laryngeal nerve (recurrent) to supply mucous membrane and muscles of
inferior larynx

Veins of larynx
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Accompany the arteries
Superior laryngeal vein joins the superior thyroid vein then to IJV
Inferior laryngeal vein joins inferior thyroid vein or venous plexus on anterior
trachea, then into left brachiocephalic

Lymphatics of larynx
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Drain to superior deep cervical lymph nodes and inferior deep nodes

Nerves of larynx
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Superior and inferior laryngeal branches of vagus
Superior arises from inferior vagal ganglion in the carotid triangle, divides into
two terminal branches - internal laryngeal (sensory and ANS) and external
laryngeal (motor)
Internal laryngeal follows superior laryngeal artery to supply laryngeal
vestibule and middle cavity (including superior vocal folds)
External laryngeal innervates cricothyroid muscle
Inferior laryngeal (recurrent) follows the inferior laryngeal artery to supply all
other muscles of the larynx (primary motor); also sensory to infraglottic cavity

Taken from Moore et al, Clinically Oriented Anatomy, Seventh Edition

Taken from Moore et al, Clinically Oriented Anatomy, Seventh Edition

Reference
1
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Clinically Oriented Anatomy
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