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Introduction to A & P
-“Key Terminology”
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) botany: study of plants
b
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) Morphology- the study of forms and structures of plants and animals
a
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) physiology: involves the study of how an organism functions
 Physical and chemical mechanism
 What happens?
 Why it happens?
 How it happens?
 Physiologist
c
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) biochemistry: the study of atoms, ions, matter and how one form of matter
reacts in living things
 Biochemist
e
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) genetics: explains how various physical traits are passed from one generation
to the next
 DNA/RNA
 Geneticist
-“Planes of the body”
 Goes from simple to complex
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) Level #2: Cellular level
 Cell- the basic unit of structure and function of living things
 Cell differentiation- during early embryonic development the cell begins to
change it appearance
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Cells also develop structural characteristics which
are unique to that group of cells

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) Epithelial tissue- covers and protects surfaces
b
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) Muscular tissue- allows movement
d
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) Level #4: Organ level
 Organ- a group of alike tissues in a structure and function working together to
perform a specific task
-a differentiated part of a organism adapted for a specific task
 Examples: Heart, liver brain, stomach, and eyes
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) Level #6: Organisms
 A combination of all the organ systems working together
 Organism- any living thing
-“Key Terminology”
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) Posterior/ Dorsal: Back part of the body
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) Inferior: lowermost part of a structure
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) Lateral: away from the midline
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) Distal: Furthest point of the appendage to the main axis of the body
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) Visceral: outer covering of an organ
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) Midsagittal Plane: runs vertically and divides the body in to equal R/L planes
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) Frontal Plane: divides the body into distinct anterior and posterior views
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) Dorsal Cavity- composed of the skull and vertebral column
a
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) Spinal Cavity: contains the spinal cord
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) Superior Thoracic Cavity:
-lungs -hearts -air passages -major blood vessels (aorta) -esophagus
b
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) Pelvic Cavity:
-urinary bladder -reproductive organs -end of larges intestines
d
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) Mediastinum: (chest cavity)
-heart
-thymus gland
-esophagus
-trachea
-“Common membranes”
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) Visceral Pleura:
 Covering of the lungs
 Layers of these membranes are separated by a (serous) fluid
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) Pericardial Membrane (epicardium):
 Covers/ surrounds the heart
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) Parietal Peritoneum:
 Forms the walls of the abdominal cavity
b
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) Epigastric Region: upper middle portion
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) Umbilical Region: central region
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) Hypogastric Region: inferior middle portion
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