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Title: Biochemistry Chapter 1.1
Description: This is to help those who are interested in studying or getting started with biochem. The first chapter will give you an overview of what biochemists do and what the subject is about.
Description: This is to help those who are interested in studying or getting started with biochem. The first chapter will give you an overview of what biochemists do and what the subject is about.
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Chapters
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General Biochemistry
Chapters
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General Biochemistry
Chapters
General Biochemistry
Learning Objectives
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General Biochemistry
Biochemistry
General Biochemistry
Biochemistry
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General Biochemistry
Biochemistry
Study of :
- the structure and functions of biomolecules
- interaction of these molecules to form cells
tissues and whole organisms
General Biochemistry
Levels of Organisation
General Biochemistry
Why study Biochemistry ?
General Biochemistry
Biomolecules
Biomolecules
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General Biochemistry
Chemical Composition
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General Biochemistry
General Biochemistry
Biomolecules
Biomolecules
Biomolecule
Monomer
Exampls
Major Functions
Protein
Amino acid
Enzymes,
Hemoglobin
Structure and
function of cells
Nucleic Acids
Nucleotide
DNA /RNA
information
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharide
Starch
Cellulose
Energy storage
Lipids
Fatty acids
Cholesterol
Sex
hormones
Energy storage
General Biochemistry
Biomolecules
General Biochemistry
Carbohydrates
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General Biochemistry
Carbohydrates
• Monosaccharide: contains 1 sugar unit
• Disaccharide: contains 2 sugar units
• Oligosaccharide: contains between 3 and 10 sugar
units
• Polysaccharide: contains >10 sugar units
• units are joined through the bridging of Oxygen
atoms (glycoside bonds)
General Biochemistry
Carbohydrates
General Biochemistry
Glycosidic Link
General Biochemistry
Fatty acids and Lipids
General Biochemistry
Lipid Molecule
General Biochemistry
Proteins
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General Biochemistry
Functions
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General Biochemistry
Peptide Bond
General Biochemistry
Nucleic Acids
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General Biochemistry
Types of Bonds
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General Biochemistry
Covalent vs Ionic bonds
General Biochemistry
Vander Waals Forces
General Biochemistry
Bonding
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General Biochemistry
Enzyme-Substrate
General Biochemistry
Antigen-Antibody
General Biochemistry
Antigen-Antibody
General Biochemistry
Hormone - Receptor
General Biochemistry
Animal Cell
General Biochemistry
Plant Cell
Organelles and their functions
Organelle
Structure
Function
Nucleus
Porous double membrane
surrounding the
chromosomes &
nucleolus
Site for RNA synthesis
Contains most of the cells
genetic material
Mitochondria
Membranous sacs with a
series of folds called
cristae
Site where energy is
released from food
molecules and
transformed into usable
form
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Covered with ribosomes
Responsible for protein
production
General Biochemistry
Organelles and their functions
Organelle
Structure
Function
Ribosomes
Particles composed of
protein and RNA
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Smooth Endoplasmic
recticulum
A network of
interconnected
membranes forming
channels within the
cell
Site for synthesis and
metabolism of lipids
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Lysosymes
Membranous sacs
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Vaccuoles
Membrane surrounded Contains water, food and
sacs
waste and materials in
plants
General Biochemistry
Organelles and their functions
Organelle
Structure
Function
Peroxisomes
(Microbodies)
Contains enzymes
Catalyses the production
and degradation of
hydrogen peroxide
Vesicles
Membranous sacks
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General Biochemistry
Prokaryoted
General Biochemistry
Eukaryotes
General Biochemistry
Eukaryotes vs Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Nucleus present
Nucleus absent
More than one chromosome
One - but not true chromosome
Usually multicellular
Usually unicellular
Lysosomes present
Lysosome absent
Peroxisomes present
Peroxisomes absent
Endoplasmic recticulum present
Endoplasmic recticulum absent
Examples : Animals and plants
Examples: Bacteria and Archaea
General Biochemistry
Plant vs Animal Cell
Plant
Animal
Cell wall present
No cell wall
One large central vacuole
One or more small vacuoles
Chloroplasts present
No chloroplasts
Fixed shape
Irregular shape
Lysosomes are rare
Lysosomes are present
Nucleus lies on one side of the cytoplasm
Nucleus usually lie in the center of the
cytoplasm
General Biochemistry
Biochemists
General Biochemistry
Title: Biochemistry Chapter 1.1
Description: This is to help those who are interested in studying or getting started with biochem. The first chapter will give you an overview of what biochemists do and what the subject is about.
Description: This is to help those who are interested in studying or getting started with biochem. The first chapter will give you an overview of what biochemists do and what the subject is about.