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ABSTRUCT
On a global basis, water is a paramount factor in determining the distribution of species, and
the responses and adaptations of a species to water stress are critical for its success in any
environmental niche
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This research investigated the effect of water stress on
pea (pisum sativum) plant
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Water stress adversely impacts many aspects of the physiology of plants, especially
photosynthetic capacity
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Plants have evolved complex physiological and biochemical adaptations to adjust
and adapt to a variety of environmental stresses
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What does water do for a plant? There are three potential situations with water: too much, too
little and, of course, just enough
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If there is not enough water for a plant, the nutrients it needs cannot travel through the plant
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There are a few simple things we can do to check the amount of water in the soil and ensure
that there is the correct entry of water in a plant
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If the soil is moist, it has enough water; if it is dry, we need
to water the plant
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Water helps a plant by transporting important nutrients through the plant
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Without enough water in the cells, the plants droop, so
water helps a plant stand
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So without the proper
balance of water, the plant not only is malnourished, but it is also physically weak and cannot
support its own weight
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With outdoor plants, we can’t
control the plants getting too much water if our area gets a lot of rain, so we need to make sure
that the soil has the proper drainage, because too much water will affect plant growth just as
much as too little
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The most important factor driving water
movement in plants is a process known as transpiration
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Plants utilize most of the water absorbed from the
soil for transpiration (95%), but a small portion of the water absorbed is used during
photosynthesis for producing the carbohydrates necessary for
plant growth (5%)
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Most energy supporting
transpiration is derived directly from the sun (solar radiation)
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Water typically makes up 80 – 95% of the mass of
growing plant tissues
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Plants have cell walls that
allow the buildup of turgor pressure within each cell
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Plants have adapted over time to tolerate extremes in water
availability
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The texture and structure of soils and container
substrates influence their relative capacities to retain water
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Temporary midday wilting is common during hot,
sunny afternoons, but plants can rehydrate over night when
lower temperatures result in decreased transpirational water
losses
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It is critical to manage the water status
of nursery crops and to irrigate based on soil moisture and plant needs
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3 MPa) to pea (Pisum
sativum L
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Severe water deficit (−1
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There were consistent decreases in antioxidants and pyridine nucleotides, and accumulation of
catalytic Fe, malondialdehyde, and oxidized proteins
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PQ decreased markedly
ascorbate, NADPH, ascorbate peroxidase, and chloroplastic Fe-superoxide dismutase activity,
and caused major increases in oxidized glutathione, NAD+, NADH, and catalytic Fe
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Results also indicate
that the tolerance to water deficit in terms of oxidative damage largely depends on the legume
cultivar
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Its domestication date back at least 3000 years in southwestern Asia and seeds have
been found in archaeological sites dating back at least 6000 years
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Anthropogenic (man- made or distributed habitats), meadows and fields, terrestrial, Blue to
purple, Green to brown, white
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They cover the pistil and the stamen
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Calyx:
It is composed of 5 sepals in gamosepalous condition
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Androecium:
It consists of 10 stamens in 9+1 arrangement
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The 10 th stamen is free
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Pistil:
The female part of the flower, called the pistil usually has a sack at its base called the
Ovary
Gynoecium
The fourth whorl is gynoecium or female whorl, which is located at the centre of the flower
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ovary, style and stigma
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The style ends into a sticky, feathery

body called stigma
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Ovary is superior, green and flattened
containing 5-12 ovules
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Stigma is elliptical, viscous and sticky
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Stamen:
The pistil is nearly surrounded by the male parts of the flower, which are called the stamens
Filaments and anther:
Each stamen consists of a slender stalk, called the filament, topped by an enlarged structure
called the anther; it is the anther that carries the pollen grains
Fruit:
The fruit of pea is called pod or legume
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Within the fruit, the seeds are
arranged in a row
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The quick growing, sweet and starchy green little balls called peas can do wonder if you include
them in your meals
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People often assume them as an inexpensive
green vegetable growing on the peas plant, is an ingredient that is served or used for garnishing
in cheap restaurants
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Its protective polyphenol content called coumestrol is known to prevent cancer which is
abundant in peas
Immunity:
High levels of antioxidants in peas prevent several reactions in the body that may cause serious
diseases
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which enhances the immune system of your body
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In Alzheimer’s afflicted patients, regular consumption of peas limits neuronal damage
in the brain
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Peas do not contain any
extra sugars like white sugar or chemicals and hence, it enables blood sugar regulation in the
body
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Improves Digestion
The high dietary
fiber content of peas makes them a good digestion aid
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Good for Eye-Sight:
Peas have adequate amount of anti-oxidant flavonoids like lutein, carotenes, zea-xanthin as
well as vitamin-A
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Economic Uses of Pea:

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