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CBSE sample papers, Question papers, Notes for Class 6 to 12
Chapter-16
DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION
POINTS TO REMEMBER
Digestion : The process in alimentary canal by which the complex food is
converted mechanically and biochemically into simple substances suitable for
absorption and assimilation
...
Thecodont : The teeth embedded in the sockets of the jaw bone
...
g
...
Diphyodont : The teeth formed twice in life time e
...
, in mammals
...
Degluttition : The process of swallowing of food bolus
...
Ruminants : The herbivours animals (e
...
, cow, buffalo etc
...
Diarrhoea : The abnormal frequent discharge of semisolid or fluid faecal
matter from the bowel
...
Dysentry : Frequent watery stools often with blood and mucus and with
pain, fever and causes dehydration
...
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Goblet cells : The cells of intestinal mucosal epithelium which secrete
mucus
...
Hepatic lobules : The structural and functional units of liver containing
hepatic cells which are arranged in the form of cords
...
Villi : The small finger-like folding in the innermost layer of the alimentary
canal which increase the absorption surface area
...
Types of Nutrition
Autotrophic
Heterotrophic
Photoautotrophic
Chemoautotrophic
1
...
g
...
g
...
g
...
Holotrophic (e
...
, man, lion)
& euglena etc
...
g
...
Parasitic (e
...
, ascaris)
Basic steps of Holozoic Nutrition :
(1)
Ingestion : Intake of food
...
(3)
Absorption and assimilation : Absorption of digested food into blood
or lymph and its use in the body cells for synthesis of complex components
...
Digestive glands :
(A) Salivary glands (found in mouth)
...
Secrete saliva which contains ptyalin (Salivary amylase)
(B) Pancreas : Secretes pancreatic juice
...
(D) Gastric glands : Secretes gastric juice
...
[ 105 ]
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Digestion in mouth : Saliva contains enzyme ptyalin
...
Pepsin
Protein Proteoses + Peptones
→
Rennin
Milk caseinogen Solid casein (curd)
→
Pepsin
Curd Peptone
→
Lipase
Fat Fatty acids
→
Digestion in small intestine : Liver secretes bile
...
Trypsin
Proteoses & peptones Tri and dipeptides
→
Amylase
Starch & glycogen → Maltose
Steapsin
Emulsified fats → Fatty acids & glycerols
Maltase
Maltose Glucose
→
Carboxy peptidase
Poly peptides Tri and dipeptides
→
Nuclease
Nucleic acids Nucleotides + Nucleosides
→
Functions of succus entericus :
Dipeptidases
Dipeptides → Amino acids
Maltase
Maltose Glucose + Glucose
→
Lactase
Lactose Glucose + Galactose
→
Sucrase
→
Sucrose Glucose + Fructose
Nucleotidase
Nucleosidases
Necleotides → Nucleosides Sugars + Bases
→
Lipases
Di and monoglycerides Fatty acids + Glycerol
→
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QUESTIONS
Very Short Answer Questions (1 mark each)
1
...
Name the hardest substance in the body
...
What is a lacteal ?
4
...
5
...
6
...
7
...
Mention the end products of fat digestion
...
In which part of alimentary canal does absorption of water, simple sugars
and alchol takes place ?
9
...
Trypsinogen is an inactive enzyme of pancreatic juice
...
Which tissue/cell secrete the enzyme ? How is it activated ?
Short Answer Questions-II (2 marks each)
11
...
Name three parts of large intestine
...
Name the gland which perform/acts as exocrine and endcrine
...
14
...
Give the names of
these four layers
...
In which part of the digestive enzyme system me, the absorption of
following substances takes place ?
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(a) Certain drugs
(b) Glucose, fructose and fatty acids
(c) Water, some minerals and drugs
(d) Simple sugar and alcohol
Short Answer Questions-I (3 marks each)
16
...
Give a diagrammatic representation of transverse section of gut
...
Draw the sketch of anatomical regions of human stomach and label any four
parts in it
...
Draw a labelled figure of digestive system of human
...
Give a summary of cause and symptoms of following disorders of digestive
system :
(a) Jaundice
(b) Vomiting
(c) Diarrhoea
(d) Constipation
(e) Indigestion
ANSWERS
Very Short Answers (1 mark)
1
...
It covers both
undernutrition as well as overnutrition
...
Enamel
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3
...
4
...
Prevention the entry of food into the glottis
...
Cardiac, fundic, pyloric
...
Lipase, fatty acids and glycerol
...
Stomach
9
...
10
...
Enterokinase
Trypsinogen → Trypsin → Proteins → Peptides
Short Answers Questions-II (2 marks)
11
...
It occurs
in small intestine
...
12
...
Vermiform appendix
...
Pancreas
...
14
...
15
...
Refer Fig
...
6, Page no
...
17
...
16
...
260 (NCERT, Class XI Biology)
...
Refer Fig
...
3, Page no
...
Long Answers (5 marks)
19
...
16
...
258 (NCERT, Class XI Biology)
...
Refer Page no
...
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