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Mr
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66-69
Objectives:
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Describe the properties shared by particles of all matter
Describe three states of matter
Explain the difference between the states of matter

Particles of Matter
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The states of matter are the physical forms in which a substance can exist
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Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms and molecules
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The particle in matter interact with each other
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● The particles in a solid do not move fast enough to overcome the attraction between
them
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● There are Two Types of Solids Crystalline solids have a very orderly, threedimensional arrangement of particles
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● Amorphous solids are made of particles that do not have a special arrangement
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Liquids
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Liquid is the state of matter that has definite volume but takes the shape of its container
The particles of a liquid move fast enough to overcome some of the attraction between
them
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Liquids have Unique Characteristics Two special properties of liquid are surface
tension and viscosity
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Viscosity is a liquid's resistance to flow
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The particles of a gas move quickly and can break away completely from one another
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Review Questions
pg 69
#1-7
9/22/14
1
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Viscosity is a
liquid's resistance to flow
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C
3
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Apple Juice- liquid
bread-solid
textbook-solids
steam-gas
5
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Solid
7
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So, they are close
together and vibrate in place

Unit 1: Introduction to Matter
Chapter 3: States of Matter
Section 2: Behavior of Gases
9/23/14
P
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Predict how a change in pressure or temperature will affect the volume of a gas
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The faster
the particles are moving, the more energy they have
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Because gas particles spread
out, the volume of any gas depends on the container that the gas is in
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You can think of pressure as the number of time the particles of a gas hit the inside of
their container
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Charles's Law Charles's Law states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant
pressure, the volume of the gas changes in the same way that the temperature of the
gas changes
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Charles's Law states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of the
gas changes in the same way that the temperature of the gas changes
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A
3
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6 L
5
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6
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The pressure becomes a third of its original amount
Unit 1: Introduction to Matter
Chapter 3: States of Matter
Section 3: Change of State
9/25/14
P
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Describe what happens during melting and freezing
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Explain what happens during sublimation
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Energy and Changes of State
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A change of state is the change of a substance from one physical form to another
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The particles also have different amounts of energy when the substance is in different
states

Melting: Solid to Liquid
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Melting is the change of state from a solid to a liquid
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Adding Energy For a solid to melt, particles must overcome their attractions to each
other
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Freezing: Liquid to Solid
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Freezing is the change of state from a liquid to a solid
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Removing Energy When a liquid is at its freezing point, removing energy will cause the
particles to begin locking into place
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Evaporation can occur at the
surface of a liquid that is below its boiling point
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The temperature at which
a liquid boils is its boiling point
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Atmospheric pressure is caused by the weight of the
gases in the atmosphere
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So, the boiling point is slower on the
top of the mountain than it is at sea level
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The condensation point of a
substance is the temperature at which the gas becomes a liquid
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Removing energy slows the
movement of the gas particles which allows them to clump together
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For sublimation to occur, the attractions between the particles must be completely
overcome
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Change of Temperature Vs
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But the temperature of a substance does not change until a change of state is complete
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Melting is when liquid changes from a solid to a liquid and freezing is when a liquid changes
to a solid
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Evaporation is the change of a substance from a liquid to a gas
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3
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Particles will start locking into place and become more orderly
5
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Evaporation is the change of state from a liquid to a gas
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Endothermic change because energy is gained by the substance as it changes state
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Sublimation because the solid changes directly to a gas
10
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It would change directly from a solid to a gas
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82-83
9/29/14
1
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Boyle's law states that for a fixed amount of gas as a constant temperature, the volume of the
gas in inversely related to pressure
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(Directly related)

3
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Evaporation can occur at the
surface of a liquid that is below its boiling point
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The temperature at which a liquid boils is its boiling point
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Condensation is the change of state from a gas to a liquid
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Sublimation is the change of
substance in which a solid changes directly into a gas
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B
6
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B
8
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B
10
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A
12
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Liquid takes the shape of the container because it doesn't have a fixed shape while an ice
cube has
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Gas, Liquid, Solid

15
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The water first has to evaporate to become the gas
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Removing energy slows the movement of the gas particles which allows them to clump together
and create condensation
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Freezing the crops helps preserve them because all energy is removed and when the ice
melts energy will be added again
20
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20 degrees and 80 degrees
22
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Temperature of liquid will rise



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