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Body Style
Body Styles
The body is the portion of the vehicle that carries
people or luggage
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Coupe
This is a sporty type that emphasizes styling
and performance
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Its
occupant and luggage areas are integrated
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Hardtop
This is a type of sedan without window frames
and center pillars
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-2-

Pickup
This is a compact truck with an engine
compartment that extends forward of the
driver's seat
...
It carries many occupants or pieces of
luggage
...


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Classification by Space
The engine space, occupant space, and luggage
space of the body are broadly described as follows:
3 Box car
Separate engine/cabin/luggage room design
This type consists of separate, independent
spaces for the engine, occupants, and luggage
...
This term generally applies to compact
vehicles
...
It is wellsuited for transporting many occupants and
pieces of luggage, allowing the efficient use of
space
...

Frame type body
This type of construction consists of a separate
body and frame (to which the engine, transmission,
and suspension are mounted)
...
The
entire body maintains strength as a single box
...
It consists of the world's
top-level energy-absorbing body and high strength
cabin
...

Thus, it is a type of crash safety body that
minimizes the deformation of the cabin
...

Door side impact protection beam

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Names of Body Parts
Exterior fittings
Bumper
Radiator grille
Engine hood (Bonnet)
Windshield glass (Front glass)
Front pillar
Sliding roof (Sun roof, Moon roof)
Roof panel
Door frame
Center pillar
Door window glass
Outside door handle
Outer rearview mirror (Door mirror)
Door panel
Fender panel
Outside molding (Protection molding)
Mud guard
Rear window glass
Rear spoiler
Luggage compartment door (Trunk panel)
Fuel lid (Fuel inlet box cover)
Rear fender panel (Quarter fender)
Quarter pillar
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Interior fittings
Register
Center console
Instrument panel
Inner rearview mirror (Room mirror)
Sun visor
Door trim
Assist grip
Rear center armrest
Seat belt
Head rest
Seat back
Reclining adjustment lever
Seat (Cushion)
Seat slide lever
Scuff plate
Glove box
Inside door handle
Door armrest
Door lock button
Weatherstrip
Door pocket
Door window regulator handle
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Paint
Description
Paint is a type of film that is applied to the body
surface
...
Another purpose is to
protect the vehicle body from rust, sunlight, dust,
and rain
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Intermediate coat
Makes the substrate and the primer coat smooth
...

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REFERENCE :
Types of top coats
Solid color
Consisting of a single layer of top coat, this type of
paint uses only color pigments that do not contain
aluminum particles
...
Care is needed during maintenance or
washing of the vehicles, because slight scratches
on the clear coat layer are conspicuous
...
The
intermediate layer contains tiny mica particles
...
Care must be taken to
protect the clear coat layer from scratches
...

In addition to being transparent, automotive glass
protects the occupants by not breaking easily upon
contact with an object
...

It is designed to prevent objects, such as stones that are flying from outside, from penetrating the glass
...

Nowadays, this glass is used in the front windshield
...

Tempered glass
Ordinary glass is heated and cooled rapidly to produce this glass that provides enhanced shock resistance
...
Although tempered glass breaks upon receiving a strong impact,
it breaks into a granular form in order to minimize injury
...
Used primarily on doors and the rear window, the UV reduction glass
reduces approximately 90 to 95 percent of the ultraviolet rays
...
Shaded band glass is used for the front windshield
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Solar- energy absorbing glass
This glass contains a small amount of such metals as nickel, iron, cobalt, etc
...
This lessens the increase of interior temperature that normally results from
direct sunlight
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Head rest
Seat back
Lumbar support
Seat cushion

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Seat adjustment functions
The seats are provided with various adjustment
functions that ensure the occupants' comfort and
minimize their fatigue even on long rides
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Reclining adjuster
Adjusts the angle of the seatback forward or backward
...
Some types move the entire seat cushion up and down, others just the front or
rear end
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Side support adjuster
Adjusts the width of the side support on the seatback and the amount of support of the driver's body during cornering
...
The headrest adjusters
are used for adjusting the position of the headrest to suit the build or posture of the occupant
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Seat Belts
When the brakes are applied suddenly, or when a
collision occurs, the body of the occupant moves
forward with strong inertial force
...
Thus, it may prevent the occupant from
colliding with the steering wheel or front windshield,
or from being thrown out of the vehicle
...

2-point type
3-point type

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ELR (Emergency Locking Retractor)
When the brakes are applied suddenly, or when a
collision occurs, this device prevents the seat belt
from being pulled out by locking the belt
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1
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2
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3
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Other types of functions are also provided with a
seat belt, such as a tension reducer that regulates
the force for retracting the belt, or an energyabsorbing belt that stretches upon receiving an
impact
...
After the operation of the pre-tensioner,
the force limiter operates if the movement of the
occupant created by inertia exerts a greater force
than a prescribed value on the belt
...

The seat belt pre-tensioner with a force limiter
operates almost simultaneously with the SRS
airbags
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To prevent theft, they also have
the function of preventing the door locks from
becoming unlocked through the operation of the
outside or inside handle
...

Some vehicles are equipped with an answer- back
function, in which the turn signal lights flash when
the doors are locked once or unlocked twice
...

A luggage door closer system is also available to
fully close the luggage compartment door if the
ECU (Electronic Control Unit) detects that it is ajar
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Exercise
Question-1
Mark each of the following statements True or False:
No
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j
k
l
m
n True n False
j
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2

A 3-box car integrates of an engine space, passenger space, and
luggage space
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4

A monocoque body is a construction in which the body and frame
are integrated
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Correct
Answers

j
k
l
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n True n False
j
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Question-2
Which one of the following statements is true about body styles?

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1
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j
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2
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j
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3
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j
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4
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Question-3
Which one of the following statements is true about seat belts?

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1
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j
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2
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j
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3
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j
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4
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Question-4
The illustrations below pertain to the glass used on a vehicle
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(1) Type of glass that prevents penetration by
external objects such as stones
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a) Tempered glass b) Laminated glass
e) UV reduction glass

(2) Type of glass that reduces the amount of
ultraviolet rays of the sunlight that penetrates
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c) Solar-energy absorbing glass
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d) Colored glass



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