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Fuel and Lubricants
Description
Many types of fuels and lubricants are used in
vehicles
...

Beware that if an unsuitable type of fuel or lubricant
is used by mistake, it can cause critical damage to
working parts
...


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Fuels
Fuels
The fuels currently used by automobiles include
gasoline and diesel fuel (light oil), as well as
methanol, LPG, and other fuels
...

HINT:
Gasoline deteriortes as time goes by
...

Gasoline is highly volatile, and generates a large
amount of heat
...

• High anti- knocking properties
...

For these reasons, that the gasoline is used for the
fuel of the gasoline engine
...

Because it ignites easily with the slightest spark
and is therefore very dangerous, it must be
handled carefully
...

Gasoline with higher octane ratings are less likely
to cause engine knocking than those with lower
ratings
...

Because some engines are designed to use leaded
gasoline, while others are designed to use
unleaded, the proper type of gasoline must be
used
...
This sound is generated by
the repetitive hammering of the cylinder wall, which
reduces the power output of the engine
...
Diesel fuel is used mainly to
run diesel engines
...

Do not interchange the fuels because if gasoline
is poured into a diesel engine by mistake, it could
damage the injection pump and the nozzles
...
The type
used should be in accordance with the
environment (temperature) of use
...

The higher the rating, the better the fuel's
ignitability and the lesser the amount of knocking
...

HINT:
Diesel knocking is caused when the time before
ignition (retarded ignition timing) becomes long,
such as when using low rating cetane fuel, at low
temperatures or low rpms
...
This creates
a rattling sound
...

Some are made from a synthetic base
...

Oil: Main purpose is to lubricate
...

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Engine Oil
Engine oil lubricates the various internal parts of
the engine
...

Cooling:
Engine oil cools the engine by absorbing the heat from the
areas that are not easily cooled by the cooling system, such
as pistons and other surfaces that contact one another
...

Sealing:
Engine oil forms a film of oil between the piston and the
cylinder
...


SAE
(Society of Automotive Engineers) Classified by the
viscosity of the engine oil
...

ACEA
(Association des Constructeurs Europ-ens de
l'Automobile)
It is the authorized by European Oil Association
...
The compression and
combustion pressures inside diesel engines are
very high, and large forces are applied to their
rotating parts
...
However, recently a type of oil for both the
diesel and gasoline-type engines has been
produced
...


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-3-

Oil viscosity classification by SAE indices:
These indices indicate the ambient temperature at
which a particular oil may be used
...

Oils with viscosity indices indicated as a range
such as SAE 10W-30 are called "multi-grade" oils
...
The
higher the second number, such as "30," the less
likely the oil will become thin at high temperatures
...


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Classification by quality
API oil quality classification:
Indicates the extent of driving conditions that the oil
can withstand
...
The SL grade
is the highest quality of oil
...
*
*As of Mar
...

They are classified into GF- 1 and GF- 2 grades in
accordance with their fuel economy performance
...

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Gear Oil
Gear oils provide a high viscosity index and quality
to withstand the high pressures that are generated
by the meshing of the gears
...

As with engine oil, gear oil is also classified in
accordance with viscosity (SAE classification) and
quality evaluation (API classification)
...
Take care to use
the appropriate type
...
Apply
lithium soap-based glycol grease to rubber parts
...

These fluids have a wide range of applications,
including transmission of power, hydraulic control,
and lubrication
...
In the
market, five types of ATF are used: D-II, Type T, TII, T-III and T-IV
...

NOTICE:
• Various types of fluids are used depending on the
A/T model
...

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Power Steering Fluids
Power steering fluid serves as a hydraulic oil that
generates hydraulic pressure, as well as a lubricant
for the power steering cylinder and pump
...


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-8-

Brake Fluid
The brake system uses numerous rubber parts
such as cups, boots, flexible hoses, and so on
...

Brake fluid is also used for the hydraulic clutch
...
Although these
are based mainly on boiling point, other factors are
also taken into account
...

Wet boiling point
This is also called hygroscopic boiling point and is
the boiling point when the content of water is 3
...

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-9-

Fluids
Shock Absorber Fluid
Shock absorber fluid is the fluid encased in the
shock absorber of suspension devices, its role is to
reduce the vibration of the springs
...

If there is leakage, change the shock absorber
...


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LLC (Long Life Coolant)
LLC is a coolant which mainly consist of ethylene
glycol and is mixed with water
...
LLC lowers the freezing point of the
coolant
...

LLC is mixed with water, and the adjusted
concentration must match the outside temperature
to prevent freezing
...
However, if the LLC
concentration is too strong, its performance fails
...

• LLC must be changed periodically, because it
becomes degrades with use
...


Sealant types
Seal packing black(Three bond 1280)
Sealant color
Black
Areas of use
Engine oil pan

Seal packing 1281(Three bond 1281)
Sealant color
Vermilion
Areas of use
Transaxle case

-11-

Seal packing 1282B(Three bond 1282B)
Sealant color
Black
Areas of use
Water drain plug

Adhesive 1131(Loctite No
...
242)(Three bond 1344)
Sealant color
Green
Areas of use
Sealing threads

Handling precautions

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-13-

Exercise
Question-1
Mark each of the following statements True or False:
No
...


2

Even if a diesel engine is fueled with gasoline, the injection pump will
j
k
l
m
n True n False
j
k
l
m
not be damaged
...


j
k
l
m
n True n False
j
k
l
m

4

The fluids used in a vehicle perform the functions of power
transmission, hydraulic pressure control, and lubrication
...
Therefore,
after the sealant is applied on the oil pan, oil can be poured into it
immediately
...
There is no problem if the brake fluid is spilled on the paint surface of a vehicle because the brake
fluid does not affect rubber or metal
...
Even if the brake fluid is mixed with another type of brake fluid with a different boiling point, the
original boiling point will remain unchanged
...
Generally, the brake fluid is used as a clutch fluid
...
Even if a large amount of water is intermixed with the brake fluid, the boiling point remains
unchanged
...
Select one diagram where grease has been
applied to a correct location
...
Thread of water drain plug

2
...
Wheel bearing

4
...
Enter 'A' if the answer is oil, and 'B' if the answer is fluid
...


A or B

1

Engine

j j
k k
l l
m m
nA nB

2

Automatic transmission

j j
k k
l l
m m
nA nB

3

Manual transmission

j j
k k
l l
m m
nA nB

4

Brake

j j
k k
l l
m m
nA nB

5

Power steering

j j
k k
l l
m m
nA nB

6

Differential

j j
k k
l l
m m
nA nB
-14-

Correct Answers

4n
j
k
l
m



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