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Title: BIOLOGY 101 ~ BASIC BIOLOGY ~ TERMS AND DEFINITIONS – 172 BIOLGY TERMS DEFINED.
Description: FIRST-YEAR BIOLOGY | 172 BIOLOGY TERMS DEFINED. These notes are for AP High School and First year college Biology students. These will be the main terms and definitions that will apply to the entire class. This is a must have reference.
Description: FIRST-YEAR BIOLOGY | 172 BIOLOGY TERMS DEFINED. These notes are for AP High School and First year college Biology students. These will be the main terms and definitions that will apply to the entire class. This is a must have reference.
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BIOLOGY 101 ~ BASIC BIOLOGY ~ TERMS AND DEFINITIONS – 172 BIOLGY TERMS DEFINED
...
These will be the main terms and definitions
that will apply to the entire class
...
Abiogenesis
The idea that long ago, very simple life forms spontaneously appeared through chemical reactions
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Activation energy
Energy necessary to get a chemical reaction going
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Aerial hypha
A hypha that is not imbedded in the material upon which the fungus grows
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Anabolism
The sum total of all processes in an organism which use energy and simple chemical building blocks to produce
large chemicals and structures necessary for life
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Antibiotic
A chemical secreted by a living organism that kills or reduces the reproduction rate of other organisms
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Anticodon
A three-nucleotide base sequence on tRNA
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Atoms
The basic building blocks of matter
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Binomial nomenclature
Naming an organism with its genus and species name
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Carnivores
Organisms that eat only organisms other than plants
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Catalyst
A substance that alters the speed of a chemical reaction but is not used up in the process
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Cell Wall
A rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells
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Centromere
The region that joins two sister chromatids
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Chitin
A chemical that provides both toughness and flexibility
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Chloroplast
An organelle containing chlorophyll for photosynthesis
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Chromoplasts
Organelles that contain pigments used in photosynthesis
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Cilia
Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion
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Commonesalism
A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is neither harmed
nor benefited
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Conjugation
A temporary union of two organisms for the purpose of DNA transfer
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Cytology
The study of cells
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Cytoplasm
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
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Cytoskeleton
A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement
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Dehydration reaction
A chemical reaction in which molecules combine by removing water
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Digestion
The breakdown of absorbed substances
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Diploid number (2n)
The total number of chromosomes in a diploid cell
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Ectoplasm
The thin, watery cytoplasm near the plasma membrane of some cells
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Element
A collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons
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Endoplasmic reticulum
An organelle composed of an extensive network of folded membranes that performs several tasks within a cell
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Environmental factors
Those "nonbiological" factors that are involved in a person's surroundings such as the nature of the person's
parents, the person's friends, and the person's behavioral choices
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Excretion
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The removal of soluble waste materials
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Extracellular digestion
Digestion that takes place outside of the cell
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Flagellate
A protozoan that propels itself with a flagellum
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Gene
A section of DNA that codes for the production of a protein of a portion of protein, thereby causing a trait
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Genetics
The science that studies how characteristics get passed from parent to offspring
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Haploid cell
A cell that has only one representative of each chromosome pair
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Haustorium
A hypha of a parasitic fungus that enters the host's cells, absorbing nutrition directly from the cytoplasm
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Heterotrophs
Organisms that depend on other organisms for their food
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Homeostasis
Maintaining the status quo
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Hydrolysis
Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water
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Hypertonic solution
A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution
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Hypothesis
An educated guess that attempts to explain an observation or answer a question
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Inheritance
The process by which physical and biological characteristics are transmitted from the parent (or parents) to the
offspring
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Interphase
The time interval between cellular reproduction
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Isomers
Two different molecules that have the same chemical formula
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Karyotype
The figure produced when the chomosomes of species during metaphase are arranged according to their
homologous pairs
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Logistic growth
Population growth that is controlled by limited resources
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Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
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Membrane
A thin covering of tissue
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Metabolism
The sum total of all processes in an organism which convert energy and matter from outside sources and use
that energy and matter to sustain the organism's life functions
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Microorganisms
Living creatures that are too small to see with the naked eye
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Middle lamella
The thin film between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells
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Mitosis
A process of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells
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Molecules
Chemicals that result from atoms linking together
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Mother cell
A cell ready to begin reproduction, containing duplicated DNA and centrioles
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Mycelium
The part of the fungus responsible for extracellular digestion and absorption of the digested food
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Nucleus
The region of a eukaryotic cell that contains the cell's main DNA
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Organic Molecule
A molecule that contains only carbon and any of the following: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and/or
phosphorous
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Parasite
An organism that feeds on a living host
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Passive transport
Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane according to the dictates of osmosis or diffusion
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Pellicle
A firm, flexible coating outside the plasma membrane
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Phagocytic vacuole
A vacuole that holds the matter which a cell engulfs
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Phase
One of the three forms--solid, liquid, or gas--which every substance is capable of attaining
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Photosynthesis
The process by which green plants and some other organisms use the energy of sunlight and simple chemicals
to produce their own food
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Phytoplankton
Tiny floating photosynthetic organisms, primarily algae
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Plankton
Tiny organisms that float in the water
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Plasmid
A small, circular section of extra DNA that confers one or more traits to a bacterium and can be reproduced
separately from the main bacterial genetic code
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Polysaccharides
Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides
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Prokaryotic cell
A cell that has no distinct, membrane-bounded organelles
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Receptors
Special structures that allow living organisms to sense the conditions of their internal or external environment
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REspiration
The breakdown of food molecules with a release of energy
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Ribosomes
Non-membrane-bounded organelles responsible fore protein synthesis
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Saprophyte
An organism that feeds of dead matter
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Scientific law
A theory that has been tested by and is consistent with generations of data
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Secretion vesicle
Vesicle that holds secretion products so that the can be transported to the plasma membrane and released
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Sessile colony
A colony that uses holdfasts to anchor itself to an object
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Species
A unit of one or more populations of individuals that can reproduce under normal conditions, produce fertile
offspring, and are reproductively isolated from other such units
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Spore
A reproductive cell with a hard, protective coating
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Steady state
A state in which members of a population die as quickly as new members are born
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Strains
Organisms from the same species that have markedly different traits
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Taxonomy
The science of classifying organisms
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Theory
A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data
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Transformation
The transfer of a DNA segment from a nonfunctional donor cell to that of a functional recipient cell
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Vaccine
A weakened or inactive version of a pathogen that stimulates the body's production of antibodies which can aid
in destroying the pathogen
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Virus
A non-cellular infectious agent that has two characteristics: (1) It has genetic material (RNA or DNA) inside a
protective protein coat
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Waste vacuoles
Vacuoles that contain the wast products of digestion
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Zygospore
A zygote surrounded by a hard, protective covering
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Basic Biology terms
...
All levels and subjects
...
com
Basic Biology terms
...
All levels and subjects
...
com
Title: BIOLOGY 101 ~ BASIC BIOLOGY ~ TERMS AND DEFINITIONS – 172 BIOLGY TERMS DEFINED.
Description: FIRST-YEAR BIOLOGY | 172 BIOLOGY TERMS DEFINED. These notes are for AP High School and First year college Biology students. These will be the main terms and definitions that will apply to the entire class. This is a must have reference.
Description: FIRST-YEAR BIOLOGY | 172 BIOLOGY TERMS DEFINED. These notes are for AP High School and First year college Biology students. These will be the main terms and definitions that will apply to the entire class. This is a must have reference.