Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

DOI Number: 10
...
2016
...
9

A Study of Critical Flickering Fusion Frequency
Rate in Media Players
Chiranjeevi Kumar Endukuru1, K N Maruthy2 , T S Deepthi1
Tutor/Demonstrator, 2Professor, Department of Physiology,
Narayana Medical College, Nellore, AP, India

1

ABSTRACT
Aim: This study investigated the effect of video games on Critical flickering fusion frequency rate
(CFFFR)
...
CFFFR with higher values suggested that
greater perceptual accuracy
...
The activities
in the retina and brain are synchronized as a part of the visual process
...
e
...

This CFFFR has been used in the studies on physiology of vision, Stress, drug research
...
Test group consists of Media
players who were played video games since their childhood
...
The scope of the present study is to know
the effect of video games on CFFFR
...
001)
...
The gender effect on CFFFR was not significant but higher CFFR values were recorded for men
than women
...

Keywords: Critical flickering fusion frequency rate, Media and Non-Media players, Visual processing
...
Chiranjeevi kumar Endukuru
Tutor/Demonstrator, Department of Physiology
AIIMS, Bhopal - 462024, Madhyapradesh
India, Mobile - +918962924950
Email – chiranjeeviendukuru@gmail
...
This rate, expressed in Hz, is commonly
referred to as the “threshold frequency”
...
The CFF
is widely used in the study of human behavior,
physiology of vision since it can be administered
quickly, easily and relatively non-invasive7
...
e
...
4, No
...
CFFF performance can also be influenced
by age, intelligence and gender
...

In the 19th century, if you asked a teenage boy
that what they did in their free time, they’d probably
talk about assisting their parents on the work
...
But now we are living in a new
millennium, where 97% of children and teenagers
would reply ‘videogames’ to that question3
...
Many video game
developing countries earn billions of dollars and
constantly invest into research aimed to make virtual
reality look like reality
...
The
main target audiences of game developing companies
are children and teenagers, who actively engaging in
video games at such a young age can produce both
beneficial and adverse effects8
...
Furthermore, it has been shown that
computer simulation games can improve users’ motor
skills10
...

Negative effects includes that there is a possibility
of the loss of sight and visual fatigue
...
It is also seen that neglecting
healthy physical activities in favor of video gaming
may become a risk factor for obesity
...
This indicates addiction and out of
mind behavior
...
This out of mind
behavior can be caused by violence in video games
...

With this knowledge, the present study was
conducted with the following aims and objectives:
1) To assess the effects of video games on the
Critical flickering fusion frequency rate in media
players and compare the results with controls i
...

non-media players
...
3) To compare the CFFFR
threshold values between Puzzle, brain games and
action adventure sports games
...

The approval Medical ethics commi�ee of Narayana
Medical College, Nellore was taken for this “Study of
Critical Flickering Fusion Frequency Rate in Media
Players”
...
The procedure was explained and
wri�en consent was obtained from the subjects
...
e
...

All subjects had normal vision or corrected vision and
none of them had colour blindness6
...
K
...
Maruthy Professor in
Physiology Department, Narayana Medical College,
Nellore
...
This red light stimuli was surrounded by
a white background
...
e
...
4, No
...

Once all the pre-requisites were done, the frequency
of flicker was gradually increased from minimum
threshold of 12 Hz till the participants reported that
they perceived successively presented light stimuli
to be “constant” or “fused” or “steady”
...

Data corresponding to the output variable “last
frequency presented” were analysed
...
e
...

SweepGen is a lightweight and portable application
that turns a PC into an Audio Oscillator and Sweep
Generator which can be used for testing audio or
educational purposes
...
SweepGen uses the sound card in your PC to
produce sine waves that are mathematically correct
almost to CD quality, indeed it’s more likely that the
quality of your PC sound card will be the limiting
factor rather than the code in SweepGen13
...
Values
are expressed as mean ± SEM in the tables
...
0001)
...

Table-3 shows that CFFFR threshold values are
slightly higher in males when compared to females
and these values are statistically not significant (p
value - 0
...
These values are
statistically significant with a p value of 0
...


DISCUSSION
The Critical flicker fusion threshold is an
interesting concept in the psychophysiology of
vision
...
Flicker fusion threshold is related to
persistence of vision
...
This includes
the incandescent light bulb, fluorescent lights and
cathode ray tubes (CRTs, the bulky glass tubes in old
TVs)
...
For a large
high luminance stimulus, flicker fusion occurs at
about 60 Hz2
...

This increase in CFFF in media players indicates
an increase in visual sensitivity
...

However, some negative effects were also reported
...

Furthermore, the interaction of video games in media
players significantly increases the CFFF as shown in
Table 1 and Figure 2
...

The intensive and exciting puzzle and educational
games caused the subjects to allocate more mental
resources into visual a�ention and thus increased
visual sensitivity which in turn increases the CFFFR
...
The prolonged a�ention and fast
reaction required in playing the intensive and exciting
puzzle and educational games resulted in a higher
CFFF values
...


International Journal of Physiology, January-June, 2016, Vol
...
1

We have shown that CFFFR can be significantly
elevated in media players
...
In addition, this plasticity is long lasting
and is retained for years
...

On the other hand, the LGN (lateral geniculate body,
a major nuclei in visual pathway through which
optic radiation passes to visual cortex) can respond
to flicker at rates approaching 100 Hz indicate that
the retina is not rate limiting for luminance flicker
fusion3
...
In addition, occipital lobe processing was
also required to detect relatively high-frequency
flickering stimuli
...
The underlying
mechanism of the perceptual learning is the plasticity
...
This learning
signal is likely mediated by neurotransmi�ers such as
acetylcholine and catecholamines like norepinephrine,
dopamine which are widely released from subcortical
brain areas in a task-specific manner and have been
implicated in neuronal plasticity5
...

In our study we also focused on age and gender
based alterations on CFFFR
...
According to our study as the age
advances CFFF threshold values gradually decreases
...
Table
3 reveals that CFFFR threshold values are slightly
higher in males than females and this gender effect on
CFFF was not statistically significant11
...
Obviously, females prefer the
competitive but less exhaust games, and hence they
have a more concern and participation in playing the

147

tennis game
...
Sei� et al1
...
71 ±
0
...
10 ±
0
...
0001***

Table-: 2 Comparison of CFFFR threshold
values in different age groups
Age in Years

CFFFR threshold values
in Hz

18 - 21 years
22 - 26 years
27 - 31 years
32 - 35 years
36 - 39 years
40 - 43 years
44 - 45 years

47
...
63
44
...
63
40
...
46
38
...
8

37
...
176126 NS

Table-:4 Comparison of CFFFR threshold values
in type of game
Parameter

CFFFR
threshold
values in Hz

Puzzle and
Educational
games

Action,
Adventure
and Sports
games

P value

49
...
1893

48
...
2263

0
...
CFFF is an easy quick and Noninvasive technique used as a general indicator of

148

International Journal of Physiology, January-June 2016, Vol
...
1

cortical processing, visual persistence and perceptual
learning
...
CFFFR threshold values are high in Media
players when compared to Non-media players and
these values are highly significantly (p<0
...


Clarence E
...
51 No
...


Chih-Long Lin et al,” The Effect of Display
Type and Video Game Type on Visual Fatigue
and Mental Workload” Proceedings of the
2010 International Conference on Industrial
Engineering and Operations Management
Dhaka, Bangladesh, January 9 – 10, 2010

6
...
Ramana Vani et al,” Progressive Increase In
Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency Following
Yoga Training” Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1997;
41(1) : 71-74

7
...
Shawn Green et al,” Effect of Action Video
Games on the Spatial Distribution of Visuospatial
A�ention” Journal of Experimental Psychology:
Human Perception and Performance 2006, Vol
...
6, 1465–1478

8
...


Veitch J et al, “Modulation of fluorescent light:
Flicker rate and light source effects on visual
performance and visual comfort” Lighting
Research and Technology, 27(4), 243-256
...
CFFFR threshold values are more in media
players playing puzzle and education games than
Action adventure sport games
...
CFFFR threshold values gradually decreases
as the age increases
...
CFFFR threshold values are slightly higher
in males when compared to females and these values
are statistically not significant
Final conclusion - In media players, playing
action video games improves acuity and contrast
sensitivity, as well as enlarging the useful field of
view, improving the number of moving objects
that can be tracked simultaneously, and enhancing
selective a�ention
...
Sharan B
...
N
...
We are thankful
to Mr
...
V
...
SK
...
We are also thankful to subjects
and all the technical staff for their contribution in the
completion of the project
...


Aaron R
...


2
...
Sei� et al,” Visual experience can
substantially alter critical flicker” Hum
Psychopharmacol Clin Exp 2005; 20: 55–60
...


Seong Taekjeon et al,” The Effect of Video Game
Training on the Vision of Adults with Bilateral
Deprivation Amblyopia” Seeing and Perceiving
(2012) DOI:10
...
Ruck, P et al, “Photoreceptor Cell Response and
Flicker Fusion Frequency in the Compound Eye
of the Fly” Biological Bulletin, 120 (3)
...
Misiak, Henryk et al, “Age and sex differences
in critical flicker frequency
...

12
...

13
...
electronics lab
...




---