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Title: Nervous System Full Notes of Functions and Parts
Description: Images, detailed notes, easy to understand. Took me an extremely long time, all there is to know about the brain and the system!
Description: Images, detailed notes, easy to understand. Took me an extremely long time, all there is to know about the brain and the system!
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Nervous System
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MAJOR PARTS & THEIR FUNCTIONS
Structure: Describe the part's structure (shape, design)
...
Sort the Major Parts in a logical order, such as: Arteries to Capillaries to Veins, Mouth to Anus,
by layers of the skin, Muscle parts and Skeletal parts, Nostrils to Alveoli, Shoots parts and Roots
parts etc
...
STRUCTUREFUNCTION CONNECTIONS
Identify three parts within your biosystem that are clear examples of the connection between
structure and function
...
Tip: Use the word “more” in your explanation
...
Dendrite
● SF Connection: The divided and branched extensions helps the dendrite receive
more impulses at once because it covers more surface area and makes
neurotransmission faster as there are multiple dendrites
...
The long shape of the spinal cord allows
neurons to easily transmit impulses to more cells of the body (mostly skeletal muscles)
because it extends down the body
...
The specialized internal structures of the brain allows the brain to
perform a variety of functions simultaneously and more efficiently
...
ANALOGIES Describe useful analogies or similes to help explain terms, functions, or
structures in this BioSystem?
● Newspapers are like brains
○ Folded
●
○ Contains a lot of information
○ Takes up less room
Melons and oranges are like brains
○ Protected by an outer layer (skull)
○
Can be broken or damaged
○
The inside is soft and fragile
5
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Types of Neurons
● Sensory neurons
○ Send impulses to the CNS for the brain to respond to stimuli after an receptor cell
or organ is stimulated by the external environment
● Motor neurons
○ Relay impulses to an effector cell or organ after the brain processes information
from the sensory neurons and produces a response
Parts of Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
● Autonomic system: Neurons controlling involuntary processes
○ Stimulates internal organs
■ Sympathetic system
● Calls body to react when there’s danger
■ Parasympathetic system
● Relax
● Somatic system: Neurons controlling voluntary processes
○ Stimulates skeletal muscles
Transmission of Nerve Impulses
● Impulses are sent away from the first neuron
○ Message travels down to the axon terminal
○ Axon bulbs release a neurotransmitter into the synapse
● Impulses are received by the next neuron
○ The neurotransmitter stimulates the receptors in the dendrites
○ Dendrites receive impulses which travel to the soma
Four Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex
● Cerebral cortex Outermost layer of the Cerebrum with four divisions:
○ Frontal lobe
■
○
○
○
Comprehension, movement, speech, language, emotions, memory,
reasoning,
Parietal lobe
■ Touch, pressure, temperature, pain
Temporal lobe
■ Hearing, memories
Occipital lobe
■ Vision
Compare and contrast the parts, and their corresponding functions, of the Central Nervous
System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
...
●
●
●
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A nerve impulse travels through the presynaptic axon then reaches the axon terminal
The axon bulbs at the ends of the axon terminal release a neurotransmitter (chemical) in
response to the electrical impulse that carries the impulse into the synapse
The neurotransmitter stimulates the receptors of the postsynaptic dendrites which allows
the impulse to travel from the dendrites to the soma
As you can see in the image, the impulses is traveling from neuron to neuron:
Explain the difference between the voluntary and involuntary systems, and provide examples
of each
...
●
Reflex: Rapid and automatic reactions to stimuli
○ Involuntary actions in your body
■ Protects your body from harm
■ Controlled when the body senses danger
○ Occurs in reflect circuits of the
■ PNS
■ Spinal cord
○ Don’t require the brain’s consciousness (signal goes to the spinal cord which
responds; bypasses processing in the brain, therefore faster response to the
danger)
Connections:
Integumentary
∙ Neurons receive information from sensory cells (receptors) and responds to it (effectors)
∙ Nervous System collects and responds for Integumentary system to function
∙ Integumentary system tells the Nervous system what the environment the body is in for
neurons to send impulses specifically adapted to the environment
...
∙ Neurons transmit impulses to the blood muscle cells; sends them information to tell them what
to do
Title: Nervous System Full Notes of Functions and Parts
Description: Images, detailed notes, easy to understand. Took me an extremely long time, all there is to know about the brain and the system!
Description: Images, detailed notes, easy to understand. Took me an extremely long time, all there is to know about the brain and the system!