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Title: Leadership and Management
Description: IB Business and Management Unit 2.4 -Management -Level of Management -Leadership -Characteristic of Successful Managers -Roles of Planning -Leadership Styles -Affecting Factors -Key Functions of Management

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2
...
  
○ Managers are involved in complex organizational tasks including  
■ Planning 
■ Organizing 
■ Budgeting 
■ Controlling
...
  
■ responsible for the middle managers
...
 
■ They set the departmental objectives  
■ responsible for implementing appropriate strategies to achieve these goals
...
 
○ Junior Management (supervisory management) ­  
■ lower ranking managers 
■ charge of monitoring and controlling day­to­day and routine tasks
...
 
 
 
 

 

 
Leadership 
● Leadership is concerned with influencing other people to achieve a vision or target
...
 
● Official leader (formal leader)  
○ is established by an organization and therefore has the authority to give orders to 
other people within the organization
...
 
Bennis’ Characteristics of Successful Managers 
● Management of attention  
○ managers and leaders need to have a clear vision or dream of where they want the 
business to be 
● Management of meaning  
○ managers and leaders need to be able to communicate this vision or dream to 
others in the organization and beyond 
● Management of trust  
○ managers and leaders need to be consistent, dependable and honest to gain 
people’s trust
...
  
○ Mintzberg described these as leader role, figurehead role, and liaison role 
● Informational role  
○ refers to the manager acting as a communication channel between departments 
and senior management
...
  
○ They have to access to the necessary information to take such decisions and have 
the formal authority to do so 
 

Wok of Managers 
● Routine tasks  
○ are the daily or frequently recurring tasks of managers
...
  
○ includes forecasting the setting up of systems to deal with urgent or unforeseen 
tasks
...
  
○ Mintzberg suggested that managers find using verbal communication more 
effective on a day­to­day basis since it is quicker and easier to understand
...
 
Leadership Styles 
● Autocratic  
○ An autocratic leader or manager is one that makes all the decisions and prefers not 
to delegate any responsibility to their subordinates
...
 
● Democratic  
○ A democratic leader is one who prefers to discuss with and involve employees in 
decision­making
...
  
○ Instead they leave their subordinates to make their own decisions and to complete 
tasks in their own way
...
 
● Situational leadership (contingency management)  
○ leadership style that is not based on any single approach to leadership because 
employees and businesses are all very different in so many ways
...
  
○ For example,  
■ a crisis will call for a more authoritarian leadership style whereas a 
laissez­faire approach can be adopted for managers with highly skilled and 
empowered staff
...
 
● Planning:  
○ managers are responsible for setting the course of actions to achieve 
corporate objectives
...
 This might 
include delegating or allocating tasks to workers to ensure to meet 
deadlines 
● Commanding:  
○ managers give instructions and orders to teams and subordinates in order 
to achieve business objectives 
● Coordinating:  
○ managers have the responsibility of ensuring that all sections of 
departments  
○ have an universal approach to achieve main goals of business
...
 
Effective management would entail “principles of management” 
● Formal lines of authority and wide spans of control 
● Authoritarian style of management being vital so that managers have the same authority 
to give orders
...
 He argues that trying 
to define a manger is less meaningful than examining what a manager actually 
does 
● Peter F
...
  
○ He believed that people are the key to success of a business
...
 Decentralization in encouraged in the 
workplace
...
 
● Initiative 
○ managers and leaders need to be proactive, creative and able to take on risks in 
order to identify business opportunities 


Title: Leadership and Management
Description: IB Business and Management Unit 2.4 -Management -Level of Management -Leadership -Characteristic of Successful Managers -Roles of Planning -Leadership Styles -Affecting Factors -Key Functions of Management