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Title: Curriculum for Struggling Readers
Description: This paper is about how and why teachers struggle teaching students with disabilities and lack of motivation and what can be done in the classroom to help these students.
Description: This paper is about how and why teachers struggle teaching students with disabilities and lack of motivation and what can be done in the classroom to help these students.
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Curriculum!for!Struggling!Readers!
Curriculum for Struggling Readers
Sarah Cochran
University of Houston – Victoria
LITY 6331
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Curriculum!for!Struggling!Readers!
Curriculum for Struggling Readers
Introduction
One of the hardest things for a teacher is to teach students with
disabilities
...
Often times students with disabilities are behind grade level so the
teacher has to spend extra time trying to catch the student up and get them on
grade level before they advance to the next grade
...
This means that the teacher has to spend
extra time creating modification and keep the behavior in check as well as getting
the student on level
...
A student can be unmotivated because they
are behind level and are embarrassed of this, they have not been diagnosed with
a learning disability yet and don’t understand why the can’t do things other
students in their grade can, they are embarrassed by their disability, they’ve
never had a teacher who has motivated them and believed in them, etc
...
When a teacher is faced with struggling students there are several things
they can do within their classroom to help these students
...
The teacher
can also alter the environment in which the reading is taking place by removing
unnecessary noises, having criteria the students follow, listening to all the
questions and comments the students make (Ediger, 2005)
...
Review of Literature
Two of the largest pieces of research in the educational field are how to
make sure students with disabilities do not slip through the cracks and how these
disabilities impact the students’ ability to learn and understand in the classroom
...
One student who
entered the room on the first day of school and sat in the back of the classroom,
low in her chair, with a book open in front of her
...
The other student pulled out a stack of comic books that the students began to
make fun of for the level of reading, the teacher and other students took notice
...
This would have been a prime example of a student
who would “fly under the radar because they blend right into the landscape with
their well-behaved ways
...
Due to the fact that students with disabilities such as emotional and
behavioral disorders (E/BD) struggle in school they often have negative in-school
and post-school outcomes (McDaniels et al, 2010)
...
The
students were at least one grade level behind in reading and tested into one of
the first three levels of the CR Decoding program
...
Through
surveys, focus groups given to both the teachers and students different themes
were found
...
The student themes included, reading attitudes, opinions of fluency probes,
endorsement of corrective reading intervention, and suggestions for future
participation (McDaniels et al
...
This study was conducted in order to better
understand teacher and student perceptions of reading instruction
...
This study goes to show that if students
are struggling readers it is important to have reading programs in place and to
continuously get feedback from the students to see how you can modify and
improve these programs throughout the year
...
One of the hardest things a parent faces is having a child with a
disability and one of the most common things schools face is that parents not
wanting their child to be tested for a disability because they do not want the child
to be labeled
...
It has been found that this label tends to
brand, restrict, and exclude these students as “behind” their classmates
...
As a teacher our job is to see our students differently,
respond to them differently and not to label them as “struggling”
...
These resources are (1) Code breaking, (2) meaning making, (3) text using, (4)
text analyzing, (5) identity
...
A continuing struggle of over identifying students with disabilities and
under identify students with disabilities continues in schools today
...
RTI is a comprehensive early
detection and prevention strategy designed to identify and provide support for
struggling readers at the first sign of difficulty (Bursack, 2010)
...
Struggling students
can be placed into different tiers which are instruction guidance provided by
teachers, peers, materials, or tasks that offers students additional support during
the initial stages of learning a new or difficult skill
...
RTI is a promising approach to both solving the achievement gap in reading as
well as helping to assure that only students most in need are provided with
special education services (Bursack, 2010)
...
According to Margolis et al (2006) the most current debate is
a mandate that teachers use particular programs and scripted lessons to teach
reading
...
Teachers have been asking for help, they
need more instruction, more mentoring, more consultation, more demonstration
of lessons, and smaller classes
...
This article talks
about five principles that have been designed to help teachers motivate
struggling students
...
These principles are; (1) use
materials and assignments that promote successful performance, (2) increase
expectations of success by ensuring adequate background vocabulary, (3) create
value by linking instruction to readers’ interests and goals, (4) create value by
temporarily using extrinsic reinforcers, (5) teach struggling readers to make
facilitative attributions (Margolis et al, 2006)
...
It is often though that students who struggle with reading exist only in the
primary grade levels because this is when they are learning to read
...
Some
signs that can identify a struggling reader at a higher grade level are; struggling
to read out loud by reading haltingly, not being able to identify certain words, omit
selected words, repeat words read correctly, substitute words for correct ones,
fail to use context clues to identify unknown words, not recognize commas when
reading words in a series, omit punctuation marks in general (Ediger, 2005)
...
To help these students the teacher should listen to them read
aloud in order to come up with what needs to be worked on, the new words
learned should be written on the board at the end of each lesson, have the
student follow along while the teacher reads, create study guides with questions
about the reading, ask questions and have the student ask questions regarding
the reading (Edigar, 2005)
...
This can
help them make connections and better understand the new material
...
Instructional Approaches/Strategies to Meet Student Diverse Needs
There are many ways in todays world that teachers can meet the diverse
needs of struggling students
...
The most common use of technology is through Assistive
Technology (AT)
...
The Individuals with
Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 requires that school districts be
responsible for providing AT devices and services if it is determined by an IEP
team that the child needs them in order to benefit from his or her program
...
This means that
these students who are struggling with reading are in the classroom and need
guidance and assistance from the teacher
...
There are five essential reading components that are used to create
successful readers
...
One of the best ways to teach
comprehension is through summarization
...
A teacher can do this by having the student work with partners
to retell stories, by demonstrating a retell, and by providing visual props to help
them remember important parts of the story
...
This can be done
through listening, speaking, reading, and writing
...
Conclusion
Reading is an essential part of an individuals life and without it they will
struggle greatly
...
In order to prevent this
teachers need to be aware of all of their students, their struggles and their
strengths, this can help a teacher identify if a student is struggling with their
reading
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Once this has been identified the
teacher should immediately take action in order to prevent the student from
falling further behind
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, Blanks, B
...
Evidence-Based Early Reading Practices
within a Response to Intervention System
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Ediger, M
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Struggling Readers in High School
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Ellery, V
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How do we Teach Reading as a Strategic, Decision-Making
Process? The Reading Teacher, 63(4), 434-436
...
(2011)
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English
Teaching: Practice and Critique, 10(3), 90-112
...
, Jones, S
...
, (2010)
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The Reading Teacher, 64(1), 73-76
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, McCabe, P
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Motivating Struggling Readers in an Era of
Mandated Instructional Practices
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27, 435
...
, Duchaine, E
...
, (2010)
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Education and Treatment of Children, 33(4), 585
599
...
M
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Assistive Technologies for Reading
...
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Title: Curriculum for Struggling Readers
Description: This paper is about how and why teachers struggle teaching students with disabilities and lack of motivation and what can be done in the classroom to help these students.
Description: This paper is about how and why teachers struggle teaching students with disabilities and lack of motivation and what can be done in the classroom to help these students.