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THE MAKING GLOBAL WORLD
Q1
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Define Globalization
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This is achieved with removal of barriers on free flow of goods, services and capital between
Nations
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Ans
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Yhey all serve
as source of interlinkage between the nations also
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Ans
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Transformation of goods, money values, skill, ideas, inventions and even germs and
diseases
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Ans
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Q5
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How did Silk Route link the world ?
a
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b
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c
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d
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e
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Q6
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Justify this statement
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Traders and travelers introduced new crops to the lands they traveled
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It is believed that noodles traveled west from China to become spaghetti
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Arabs traders took pasta to 5th century Sicily, an island now in Italy
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Many of our common foods such as potatoes, soya, groundnuts, maize, tomatoes,
chillies, sweet potatoes and so on were not known to our ancestors
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Ans
...

Ans
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Ireland’s poorest peasants became so dependent on potatoes that when disease destroyed the
potato crop in the mid 1840s, hundreds of thousands died of starvation
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Ans
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Justify this statement
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Till the 15th Century , silk routes were the principal route to travel between Asia and the
Europe of Asia and Africa
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America had not been discovered
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Goods and people had to travel long distances for any type of exchanges
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Two major events of history in this period of time were as follows :a
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b
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5
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6
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Q9
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What was the most powerful weapon of the Spanish conquerors ?
a
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b
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c
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d
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e
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Q10
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European fled to America in the 19th century because :a
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b
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c
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d
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These
plantations were worked on by slaves
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Q11
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How did Europe emerge as the centre of world trade ?
a
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b
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China restricted its overseas contracts; it was gradually retreating into isolation
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Importance of America was gradually rising , as it had vast lands, abundant crops and
minerals
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The result was that Europe emerged as the centre of world trade in the 18th Century
...


Ans
...

Or
Explain the three types of movement or flows within international economic exchange that
economists have identify
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The world changed a lot in the 19th Century
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2
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The first is the flow of trade in goods like cotton or wheat
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The second is the flow of labour- the migration of people in search of
employment
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The third is the movement of capital for short term or long term investments over
long distances
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All three flows were closely interwoven and affected people’s lives more deeply now
than ever before
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Ans
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1
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Under pressure from farmers, the govt
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These laws were commonly known as ‘Corn laws’
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to
abolish
Corn laws
...

Ans
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After the corn law were abolished, food could be imported into Britain more cheaply than
it could be produced within the country
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British agriculture was unable to compete with imports
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Vast areas of land were now left uncultivated, and thousands of men and women were
thrown out of work
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They flocked to the cities or migrated overseas
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As the food price fell
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6
...


Q4
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Describe dramatic changes occurred in west Punjab in the 19th century
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The British Indian government built a network of irrigation canal to transform semi-desert
wastes into fertile agricultural lands that could grow wheat and cotton for export
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The canal colonies , as the areas irrigated by the new canals were called, were settled by
peasants from other parts of Punjab
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Ans
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a
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Steamships, the telegraphs were important inventions without which we
cannot imagine the transformed 19th Century world
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Colonisation stimulated new investments and improvements in transport; faster railways,
lighter wagons and larger shi0ps helped move food more cheaply and quickly from
faraway farms to final markets
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The trade in meat can be cited as a good example of this connected process
...
They were slaughtered when
they arrived there
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Live animals took up a lot of
ship space
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As a result meat
had become an expensive luxury and the European poor never afforded to buy it
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With the development of a new technology, namely refregerated ships, it became
possible to transport the perishable foods over long distances
...
This reduced shipping costs and lowered meat
prices in Europe
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Better living
conditions promoted social peace within the country and support for imperialism abroad
...

Ans
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Trade flourished and markets expanded in the late 19th century, but there was a darker side
to this process
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In may parts of the world , these developments meant loss of freedoms and livelihoods
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Late 19th century Europeans conquest brought about many destructive economic , social
and ecological changes in the colonies
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e
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5
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Q7
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Describe the impact of ‘Rinderpest’ on African lives
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Rinderpest was carried by infected cattle imported from British Asia to feed the Italian
soldiers invading Eritrea in East Africa in the 1880s
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It reached the Cape Town five years later and killed 90 per cent of the cattle
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Rinderpest had a terrifying impact on people’s livelihoods and local economy
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Historically , Africa had abundant land a relatively small population
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Q8
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Why were Europeans attracted to Africa in the 19th century ?
1
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2
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3
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Q9
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Describe the methods used by Europeans to recruit and retain labour in Africa
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Heavy taxes were imposed which could be paid only by working for wages on plantations
and mines
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Inheritance laws were changed so that peasants were displaced from land; only one
member of a family was allowed to inherit land , as a result of which the others were
pushed into the labour market
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Mineworkers were also confined in compounds and not allowed to move about freely
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Ans
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Q11
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It was a world of faster economic growth
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It was a world of great misery, higher incomes for some and poverty for others
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It was a world of technological advances in some areas and coercion in others like Asia
and Africa
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Q12
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What circumstances compelled Indians and Chinese to work as indentured labour in
plantation and mining
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In the 19th century, hundreds of thousands of Indian and Chinese labourers went to work
on plantations, in mines, and in road and railway construction project around the world
...
In India, indentured labourers were hired under contracts which promised return travel to
India after they had worked five years on their employer’s plantation
...
They came from the present day regions of eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Central India
and the dry districts of Tamil Nadu because in the mid 19th century these regions
experienced many changes-cottage industries declined, land rents rose, lands were
cleared for mines and plantations
...
All this affected the lives of the poor; they failed to pay their rents, became deeply
indebted and were forced to migrate in search of work
...

Ans
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The main destinations of Indian indentured migrants were the Caribbean islands (mainly
Trinidad, Guyana and Surinam), Mauritius and Fiji
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Tamil migrants went to Ceylon and Malaya
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Indentured workers were also recruited for tea plantations in Assam
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Ans
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Recruitment was done by agents engaged by employers and paid a small commission
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Many migrants agreed to take up work hoping to escape poverty or oppression their home
villages
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Agents also tempted the prospective migrants by providing false information about final
destinations, modes of travel, the nature of the work, and living and working conditions
...
Often migrants were not told that they were to embark, on a long sea voyage
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Sometimes agents even forcibly abducted less willing migrants
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Ans
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Ans
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a
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b
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c
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d
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e
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f
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Write about Indian trading communities who operated in South East Asia
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The Shikaripuri Shroffs and Nattukottai Chettiars were amongst the many groups of
bankers and traders who financed export agriculture in Central and Southeast Asia
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They either used their own funds or those borrowed from European banks
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They had sophisticated system to transfer money over large distances and even developed
indigenous forms of corporate organization
...
Indian traders and moneylenders followed European colonizers into Africa
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Hyderabadi Sindhi traders established flourishing emporia at busy ports worldwide
selling local and imported curios to tourists whose numbers were beginning to swell,
thanks to the safe and comfortable passenger vessels
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How did the British transform India from a cotton manufacturing country to a raw cotton
exporter ?
Or
Using what restrictions did the British manage to lower Indian cotton export to England
...


Fine cotton produced in India were exported to Europe but with industrialization, British
cotton manufacture began to expand, and industrialist pressurized the government to restrict
cotton imports and protect local industries
...
Tarrifs were imposed on cloth import onto Britain
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The British were excluded from the tarrif, Indian textile now faced stiff competition in
other international markets
...

Ans
...

Ans
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British manufactures flooded the Indian market
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Foodgrain and raw material export from India to Britain and the rest of the world
increased, Britain had a ‘trade surplus ‘ with India
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Britain used this surplus to balance its trade deficit with other countries
...

e
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LESSON-3
THE INTER-WAR ECONOMY
When and between whom the First World war was fought ?
a
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b
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On the opposite side were the Central powers- Germany, Austria-Hungry and Ottoman
Turkey
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The begin in August 1914
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Ans
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The First World War was a war like no other before becausea
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Q3
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Give reason- The First world was the first modern industrial war
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It saw the use of machine guns, tanks, aircraft, chemical weapons, etc, on a massive scale
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These were all increasingly products of modern large scale industry
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To fight the war, millions of soldiers had to be recruited from around the world and
moved to the frontlines on large ships and trains
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The scale of death and destruction-9 million dead and 20 millions injured-was
unthinkable before the industrial age, without the use of industrial arms
...

Ans
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These deaths and injuries reduced the able bodied workforce in Europe
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Ans
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Ans
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1
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2
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3
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Describe the economic status of Britain after World war-I
...
?
a
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b
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c
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d
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e
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f
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Q6
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Who were the leaders in wheat production during the World war-I ?
a
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b
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Q7
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a
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b
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Workers wages were increased
...

ii
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all through
the system of ‘hire purchase’
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Q8
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Discuss Henry Ford’ ‘Assembly line’ method
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a
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b
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c
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d
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e
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f
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g
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Q9
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When did the Great Depression begin ? Discuss its impact on the world
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10 also)
a
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during this period most part of the world experienced catastrophic declines in production,
employment, incomes and trade
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The impact of the depression varied across countries
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Agricultural regions and communities were the worst affected because the fall in
agricultural prices was greater than that in the prices of industrial goods
...

Ans
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The depression was caused by a combination of several factors:a
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As prices slumped and agricultural incomes declined, farmers tried to
expand production and bring a larger volume of produce to the market but it pushed
down prices
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Finance :- In the mid-1920s, many countries financed their investments through loans
from the US, it was extremely easy to raise loans in the US when the going was good
...

c
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d
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The US
attempt to protect its economy in the depression by doubling import duties also dealt
another sever blow to world trade
...

Ans
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a
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b
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c
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d
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e
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f
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Q12
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Q13
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Q1
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Q2
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g
...

h
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Describe the ways in which the Great depression affected the lives of the Indians
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The depression affected Indian trade, India’s exports and imports nearly halved between
1928 and 1934
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When international prices crashed, prices in India also crashed
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c
...
g
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d
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Indian
gold exports promoted global economic recovery particularly Britain’s recovery
...
The depression did not affect urban India so much and the middle class salaried
employees found themselves better off as everything cost less
...
Industrial investment grew as the government extended tarrif protection to industries
under the pressure of nationalist opinion
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1
...

2
...

3
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LESSON-4
REBUILDING A WORLD ECONOMY
Explain the two crucial influences that shaped post 2nd world war reconstruction
...
The first was the US’s emergence as the dominant economic, political and military power
in the Western World
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The second was the dominance of the Soviet Union
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Explain any two lessons that Economists and politicians learnt from inter-war economic
experiences
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An industrial society based on mass production cannot be sustained without consumption
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Government would have to
take steps to minimize fluctuations of price, output and employment
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b
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The goal
of full employment could only be achieved if governments had power to control flows of
goods, capital and labour
...

Ans
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Ans
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Ans
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In this system , national
currencies, e
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The dollar itself was placed in relation to gold at a fixed price of $35 per ounce of the gold
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a
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c
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d
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e
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f
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g
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h
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i
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When and why did World Bank and IMF start financial interventions in the developing
countries ?
a
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c
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d
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e
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Q6
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Why did the developing countries organize the G-77 ?
a
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b
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c
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Q7
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Why did Fixed Exchange rate system collapse in the 1960s ?
a
...

b
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The US dollar now no longer commanded confidences as the world’s principal currency
...
It could not maintain its value in relation to gold
...

Q8
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How was the international financial system changed from the mid 1970s
...
Earlier developing countries could turn to international institutions for loans and
development assistance
...
But now they were forced to borrow from Western Commercial banks and private
lending institutions
...
This led to periodic debt crises in the developing world , and lower incomes and
increased poverty especially in Africa and Latin America
...

Ans
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China became attractive destinations for investment by foreign MNCs because of the
lower wages in China
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Because of the low cost structure of the Chinese economy, most importantly its low
wages , we noticed that most of the TVs, mobile phones and toys we see in the shops
seem to be made in China
...

Q2
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Q4
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Q6
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Q8
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Q10
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Which country has the effective right of veto over IMF and World Bank ?
Name the financial institutions which are called Bretton Wood Twins
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Exchange rates
b
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Flexible or Floating Exchange Rates
Give an example to prove that colonialism had destructive impact on the colonized people

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