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Anatomy & Physiology
Laboratory Safety Hazards
CLINICAL LABORATORY
 Central role in health care
 Exposes workers to a variety of potential
hazards
...

 US Government

(UP) – Universal Precautions
(BSI) – Body Substance Isolation
(SP) – Standard Precaution

 UP
 “All patients are considered potential carriers
of blood-borne pathogens
...


LABORATORY HAZARDS:
1
...

3
...

5
...

7
...


Biological hazard
Chemical Hazard
Fire Hazard
Electrical Hazard
Physical Hazard
Radioactive Hazard
Sharps Hazard
Ergonomic Hazards

BIOLOGICAL HAZARD
 Potential exposure to pathogenic
microorganisms
...

 “All body fluids and moist body substances
potentially infectious
...







e
...
: Bacteria, Fungi, Virus, Protozoans
 Pathogenic – a thing disease causing
 Microorganisms – living organisms that can’t
be observed by naked eyes
...
Center for disease control & prevention
(CDC)
2
...

2
...

4
...

6
...

Most commonly followed
Handwashing, gloves, mask, eye protection,
face shield, gown
...

Inserting/removing contact lens
Biting on nails, chewing on pens
Mouth pipetting
Limiting access to the laboratory
Patients as infectious for blood-borne
pathogens
...

 HANDWASHING
 Most important
 Single most effective way of control of spread
of infectious diseases
 15 seconds (2 Happy birthday song)

 PROPER WASTE DISPOSAL
BLACK – dry, non-infectious
GREEN – wet, non-infectious
YELLOW – wet, infectious
RED (puncture proof) – sharps
ORANGE – radioactive wastes
YELLOW w/ BLACK BAND – chemical wastes

CHEMICAL HAZARD:

Procedures:
1
...

3
...

5
...

Apply soap
...
(15 seconds)
Rinse hand under running water
...


How to wash:
1
...
Rub the back of both palms with fingers
interlaced
...
Rub palm to palm with fingers interlaced
...
Rub back of fingers to opposing palms with
fingers interlaced
...
Rotational rubbing of left thumb clasped in
right palm and vice versa
...
Rotational rubbing of clasped fingers of right
hand over left palm and vice versa
...
Mixed following established instructions
...
It should be done under the FUME HOOD
...

3
...

4
...


Containers: Biohazard symbol
 All specimens except URINE
...

 Using a 1:5 or 1:10 dilution of Sodium
Hypochlorite
...

 Includes:
1
...
SOP (Standard Operating Protocol)
3
...


CLASS A:

 CHEMICAL LABELING
 Labeled with their specific hazard:
- Poisonous
- Corrosive
- Carcinogen – cancer causing agents
- Teratogen – substances that causes
developmental abnormalities
...

- Flammable
- Combustible
- NFPA symbol

CLASS B:

 Ordinary combustibles
 EXTINGUISHERS: pressurized water
Dry chemicals

 Flammable liquids/gases (LPG)
 EXTINGUISHERS: Carbon dioxide
Dry chemicals
CLASS C:
 Energized electrical equipment
 EXTINGUISHERS: Carbon dioxide
Dry chemicals
Halon
CLASS D:
 Combustible/reactive metals
 EXTINGUISHER: Metal X

FLAMMABLE vs
...

 Producing an ignitable mixture
with air
...
8 ºC (100 ºF) – flammable material
37
...
A
...
E
...
A
...
S
...


P – ULL PIN

FIRE HAZARD
CHEMISTRY OF FIRE: (see picture)
UNINHIBITED REACTION
 Chain reaction where the burning will
continue and accelerate
...

2
...

4
...


Never operate with wet hands
Frayed chords and overloaded circuits
...

Electrical shocks

1
...

3
...

5
...


PHYSICAL HAZARD
Avoid running
Bend knees when lifting
Keep long hair pulled back
Use close-toed shoes
No dangling jewelries
Clean, orderly work area
...
IONIZING RADIATION – wavelength is shorter
than non-ionizing radiation (<1nm)
e
...
: gamma rays, x rays, high energy electron
beams
2
...
(>1nm)






SHARPS HAZARD
Sharp objects:
Needles, lancets, broken glassware
Present a biological hazard (blood-borne
pathogens)
Disposed in a puncture-proof container
...

2
...

4

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