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SWOT
Analysis
of
Implementing
Information Technology in the Education,
Health, Business, and Public Sectors

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
...
6
Trends and Possible Technological Trends
...
7
SWOT Analysis
...
8
Weaknesses
...
9
Threats
...
10
BUSINESS SECTOR
...
11
General Concerns that Current Retail Technologies Might Bring to the Business Sector
...
13
Strengths
...
14
Opportunities
...
15
Recommendation
...
16
Trends and Possible Technological Trends
...
17
SWOT Analysis
...
18
Weaknesses
...
19
Threats
...
20
HEALTH SECTOR
...
21
General Concerns that E-Health Technologies Might Bring to the Health Sector
...
23
Strengths
...
24

Opportunities
...
25
Recommendation
...
26
BIBLIOGRAPHY
...
With the
advancement in information technology such as the Internet, mobile computing, and cloud
computing, changes in how society conducts many of its tasks has become quite apparent
...

Firstly of all, the public sector which is the part of the economy that provides governmental
services may find some forms of information technology useful for many of its operations
...
With egovernment, governments would be able to use Internet technology to deliver information and
public services to citizens, business partners, and suppliers, and its employees
...
Many businesses are now making the shift to conducting business online – all made
possible through internet and mobile technologies
...

The adoption of information technology can also be seen in the education sector, the part of
the economy responsible for providing and co-ordinating education and training
...
Many higher education institutions today have adopted e-learning, hence,
providing the convenience for students of not having to be physically present in class as well
as allowing lecturers to deliver educational resources to a wider range of students anytime and
anywhere
...
The adoption of cloud computing technology in the health
sector is an evolving trend which aims to provide efficient and reliable data storage, software
and infrastructure to the health profession at minimal cost
...

It is no doubt that technologies are opening the door to more opportunities for the various
sectors
...
Therefore, in later sections, this report discusses
the evolving technologies that the various sectors in the South Pacific can potentially adopt and
examines the implications of implementing such technologies in the South Pacific
...
As can be seen in the video, ‘The eGovernment Revolution’ (2011), information
technology has been perceived as way of making government bureaucracy more efficient and
effective
...
These same benefits can be experienced by citizens in
South Pacific countries if e-government was implemented in those countries
...

E-government refers to “the use of Internet technology to deliver information and public
services to citizens, business partners, and suppliers of government entities, and people who
work in the public sector” (Turban, Volonino, & Wood, 2013, p
...
In many instances, egovernment has been used as the major basis of delivering government information and
interacting with the government – everything from browsing government agency websites to
emailing government officers to applying for government benefits
...
With G2C, the government offers services to citizens
via the Internet such as online application for social security benefits
...
As for G2B, it entails the use of the Internet by
government to buy or sell goods or services to business firms
...


Trends and Possible Technological Trends
The public sector has long perceived the benefits and processing efficiencies in moving towards
e-government
...
For instance, many governments have implemented information
systems to support sharing of information among government departments or staffs – anything
from staff emails to sites where one can download government documents or forms
...
Such services are wide-ranging and includes electronic voter registration, websites

where citizens can file tax returns, or apply for social security benefits, electronic benefits
transfer and so on (Lib2Gov, 2013)
...
172-173)
...
It leads to huge cost savings since
governments would not have to maintain huge data centers – all this is done by the cloud vendor
...
Government agencies are now moving towards adopting
software-as-a-service (SaaS), infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS), and platform-as-a-service
(PaaS) (Malykhina, 2014)
...

Moreover, mobile technologies are now playing an uprising role in the provision of government
services
...
An example of the application
of mobile technology in the public sector is apps
...
gov, a site developed by the federal
government of the United States consisting of a variety of mobile apps designed to provide
services and information to citizens, business organizations, educational institutions, and
researchers (Turban, Volonino, & Wood, 2013)
...
However, these technologies may also raise some
concerns to the public sector
...
When government agencies adopt cloud
computing services provided by third-party vendors, they are taking a considerable risk of
placing data out of their own hands since the data would be stored in the data centers of the
third-party vendors
...
This is because the
data stored in the third-party servers are in some sense within the control of the third-parties
...
The availability of data or service
would depend on the continuing operation of those third-party vendors and is not within the
control of the government agencies
...

The latest smartphones and tablets often rely on wireless networks that are less secure and users
at most times do not use strong password controls or encryption on these devices
...
Also, unauthorised access
to data on these employee-owned devices must be prevented, especially when these devices
gets lost or stolen, or when employees leave the job
...
However, before such technology can be
implemented, it is vital to conduct an analysis of the implications and effects such a technology
would bring to public sectors in South Pacific island countries
...
This would imply that most of the government workers in the
South Pacific already have a knowledge on how to operate or use such technologies, hence,
they would be able to quickly adopt to e-government technology
...

This would allow e-government technology to be implemented without a major change to the
current processes existing in the government departments
...
With the use of e-government technologies,
this system can easily be converted to an online tax return system without having to make a

major change to the whole tax return process, but allowing tax payers to lodge their tax return
forms online and simplifying the task of processing tax returns
...
For example, The University of the
South Pacific (USP) with campuses located in twelve different countries across the South
Pacific provides high quality tertiary education to its students in various fields (Dakaica, 2006,
p
...
A well-educated workforce would indicate that employees in the public sector would
have or can easily acquire the necessary skills and knowledge of using and implementing egovernment technologies
...

Weaknesses
A major weakness in implementing e-government technologies in the South Pacific is the
limited bandwidth and high cost of internet connectivity in many South Pacific island countries
...
For this reason, majority of the population is this region do not have reliable
internet connection, and hence would be a major drawback if the general public were to use egovernment services
...

Therefore, it may be impractical for these people to use e-government services since they may
find it difficult to follow through instructions on the internet
...

Opportunities
The political willingness of governments in South Pacific countries to open doors to digital
revolution presents a great opportunity for the implementation of e-government in these
countries
...

With the advancement in new technology applications, the opportunity for cheaper, better and
more efficient e-services is quite apparent
...

Threats
An obvious threat to e-government in the South Pacific would be security breaches
...
This would cause
users of e-government services to feel some insecurity and may eventually be reluctant to use
e-government services
...

Such a problem is not uncommon in the South Pacific where many are still using slow and
unreliable internet connections (Flack, 2013)
...
The technology and expertise required
for e-government is available
...
Much of the government process would be simplified, and tasks would be
completed more efficiently and in a much shorter time
...

As a final point, it is recommended that e-government be adopted by public sectors in the South
Pacific, creating the opportunity for better and more efficient government services
...


BUSINESS SECTOR
The business sector is the part of the economy related to companies
...
Retailing is part of the tertiary sector which is involved in
the distribution and selling of the goods manufactured in the secondary sector
...

Online retailing is part of e-commerce which refers to “the use of e-business process for the
specific purpose of buying and selling goods and services” (Turban, Volonino, & Wood, 2013)
...
The technologies
being described are the internet (broadband) and mobile devices
...
d)
...
The first time computers were connected was in 1969 however the
dot
...
Users
need to have broadband in order for online retailing to be possible
...
d)
...
A mobile device is “a handheld tablet
or other device that is made for portability” (Janssen, n
...


Trends and Possible Technological Trends
The current mobile devices such as smartphones and ipads allow users to “access the internet
over a 3G or 4G wireless network” (Janssen, n
...
This increase
in the use of the internet “brought about more information and transparency in the form of
review websites, price check apps, and social media” (Retail Trends and Predictions 2014,
2014) which leads to the current trend where power is being shifted from the producers to the
consumers
...

In addition, the increase capabilities and functionality of mobile devices leads to an increase
usage of mobile devices in retailing which is known as mobile commerce or mCommerce
...

Retailers are also engage in mobile retailing and mobile marketing which are forms of mobile
commerce
...

Furthermore, there might be an increase in the use of embedded systems such as radiofrequency identification (RFID) which can be used to replace bar code and “major retailers
have started announcing plans to integrate RFID labels in their supply and distribution systems”
(Chapter 2 - Consumers and Changing Retail Markets, n
...
The use of RFID also plays a role
in the shift of power between consumers and retailers because RFID allows consumers to
obtain information about the product by “scanning its tag and accessing wireless
telecommunication services” (Chapter 2 - Consumers and Changing Retail Markets, n
...

Moreover, there is an increased in the use of big data in retailing
...


General Concerns that Current Retail Technologies Might Bring to the
Business Sector
A major concern of the increased usage of the internet and big data is privacy issues
...
In the case of big data, consumers are now more aware of the ways in which
companies obtain their personal information (such as tracking consumers via mobile devices
and in-store video tracking) and how they may use information they obtained to discriminate
among the consumers
...

In addition, the use of radio-frequency identification devices in retailing also poses privacy
concerns because “of the possible unwanted revelation of confidential or personal data stored
within RFID devices” (Li, Hung, Zhang, & Ahn, 2006)
...


Another concern involving the use of the internet and mobile devices is health risk
...
Thus, as consumers become aware of
the health risk associated with using the internet and mobile devices they may want to avoid
using their mobile device to access online retailing site which will lead to reduce sales for
online retailers
...
However, it is important to consider
the implications of adopting such technologies by business sectors in the South Pacific before
actually making such a move
...

Strengths
One of the strengths of online retailing in the South Pacific is that there is no geographical
barrier since it is based on the internet
...
For instance, most hotels
in Fiji have websites allowing potential customers from anywhere in the world to make
bookings for their rooms (Wartson, 2010)
...
This means that both domestic consumers and
foreign customers from other countries which have different time zones from retailers in the
South Pacific will be able to purchase products even when the physical store is closed
...

Furthermore, there is a cost advantage in adopting online retailing
...
d),
it is generally less expensive to create an online store than a retail storefront
...


Weaknesses
However, online retailing in the South Pacific is faced with several weaknesses
...
Although the availability
and affordability of the internet have improved significantly in some urban areas of the South
Pacific, the South Pacific is still exposed to a higher cost when it comes to the internet
compared to developed countries
...
Thus, online retailers in the South Pacific will be at
a disadvantage compared to online retailers in developed countries
...
This is due to the fact that the transport infrastructure in the South Pacific is not
as advanced as those in the developed countries which hinder the delivery of products to
consumers in a timely manner (Lyod, 2006)
...
Thus, online retailers in the South Pacific will lose
competitiveness compared to online retailers in developed countries
...
Retailers in the South Pacific may not have a strong brand name or reputation
compared to retailers in developed countries (Wartson, 2010), thus it might be difficult for
them to attract consumers
...
Firstly,
there is a rapid increase in the number of internet users (Cave, 2012), thus, online retailing will
allow companies to increase their customer base
...
Thirdly, the possibility of being able to have
live chats with customers will allow online retailers in the South Pacific to communicate
directly with their customers to promote their products
...


Lastly, people in other countries are becoming aware of the

existence of the South Pacific countries which leads to an increase in the demand in products
that reflect the South Pacific culture (Wartson, 2010)
...
Firstly, there are no barriers of entry
for online retailing as retailers can have an online presence as long as they have access to the
internet
...
Online retailers may also face threats in the form of legal
issues
...
In addition,
fraudulent online businesses by competitors may damage the trust of consumers on legitimate
online businesses which may result in decline sales for online retailers in the South Pacific
...


Recommendation
It may not be feasible to adopt online retailing if the targeted consumers are people living in
the South Pacific region because many people in the South Pacific are still facing the issue of
costly and unreliable internet connection
...
On the other hand, if the targeted consumers are those living in
developed countries, then creating an online site for the business will definitely allow the
business to expand its customer base
...
In addition, due to the high
transportation cost associated with the delivery of the goods to the overseas consumers, it might
not be practical to adopt online retailing since the profit margin that is obtained might not be
worth the trouble
...
However, as for
online retailing in the South Pacific, its practicality is quite slim in this current decade, but
perhaps in future, the South Pacific may overcome its current limitations, which by then would
allow businesses in the region to seek new opportunities through online retailing
...
Education has become the necessity for every individual
...
The
video “The Future of Higher Education” outlines the importance and benefits of e-learning to
the students of universities
...
Therefore, in later
sections, this report provides a SWOT analysis to analyse and determine the practicality of
implementing e-learning in South Pacific countries
...
The internet based education and E-learning
technologies had brought tremendous change in today’s university lives
...
The
internet has become a printing press for the 21st century
...
Higher education is based on broader knowledge therefore;
students at universities can gain access to wide range of information via the internet
...
The advancement
of internet had increasingly enabled students to get access to a fairly good higher education
...
The internet has also enabled professors and lecturers to migrate online and
teach their best topics to the world
...

Trends and Possible Technological Trends
The online education (e-learning) is an emerging trend in the education sector
...
The students don’t have to travel to universities
to attend lectures where they can simply listen to lecture’s online from home which saves their
travelling time
...
This provides a comfortable learning environment for students and improved
collaboration between students and teaching assistance (Writers, 2012)
...
These are free higher education courses open for enrolment for any Internet user
...
Most of the leading universities
are trying to adapt this type of online education technologies such as Harvard, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology (MIT), and Stanford (Xin, Deborah, & Casheena, 2013)
...

Moreover, mobile technologies are now playing a vital role in education sector
...
These types of technologies are becoming
very popular handy devices for university students to gain access to information via internet
and act as an essential tool for students’ academic success
...
They can easily get access to e-books
and online resources where it can be easily downloaded and stored in such handy devices
...
The movement to the cloud has been seen as an opportunity to address critical
issues on university campuses, such as email services, curriculum services, Enterprise
Resource Planning and Software-as-a-Service (Bob, 2014)
...
In recent
times, some higher educational sectors are trying to use virtual desktops within shared
computer labs as well as to provide access to applications on student personal desktops and
through a student’s personal device (Bob, 2014)
...
However, these technologies also provide some general concerns to education sector
...
“Many developing countries do not have access to ICT and basic
digital skills, lack of competency and expertise in web technology towards educators”
(Dhamadhere, 2012)
...

In addition, changes or advancement in technologies would be another concern in education
sector (Dhamadhere, 2012)
...
The universities find difficulties in procuring these new
technologies such as virtual desktops because there are very expensive
...
There is no guarantee
provided for the security of student’s personal information as well as universities confidential
data stored on third-party vendor’s datacenter
...
With the availability of e-learning technologies,
massive amounts of information could be available on the internet
...
Currently students have to move from one
geographical location to another to get access to proper education but with online universities
for example, a student in Vanua Levu can get access to the same resources as a student in
Laucala Campus at USP without having to physically move
...


Another benefit of moving universities towards the internet is the ability to gain ease of access
to experts (Gilly, 2012)
...


Weaknesses
The online migration of universities can paint a glossy picture but on the flip side, this could
also have an impact on the students of the South Pacific
...
d)
...
Harsh climates and

geographically wide locations are some of the barriers that restrict this new method of learning
...
d)
...


Opportunities
Universities in the South Pacific will open a wide gate of opportunity for themselves and their
clients if they shift their resources to the internet and go completely online
...
One of the priority areas
of strategic planning for the University of the South pacific is ICT developments
...


Universities in the south pacific have greater opportunities to collaborate with other universities
and experts to provide a more advanced teaching atmosphere
...
This will
promote universalism and it will give chance to students and teaching experts to collaborate
from different parts of the world
...
One of the major threats could be a loss of job for many
qualified teaching assistants at universities such as lecturer’s and tutors since there will be no
face to face interaction between a student and a teaching assistant
...
Such failure would be counter-productive, especially
for students doing completely-online courses
...


Recommendation
Generally, after conducting the SWOT analysis, it seems beneficial to have e-learning
implemented in the education sector in the South Pacific
...
Adopting e-learning in South Pacific
countries would allow universities to provide standard education to its residents
...
Wide range of
resources would be provided online for students to better understand the objectives of the
courses
...

Since the current trend in information system is based on virtual system, universities moving
towards e-learning may create a virtual environment and provide efficient academic services
to tertiary students
...
In today’s world, the advancement in mobile technologies and cloud computing
plays a vital role in the digital environment; therefore, these would act as a major supporting
tool for e-learning
...
As stated in the video,
‘Jonathan Bush: Emerging Technologies in Healthcare’ (2013), cloud based health care service
is a technological advancement which has led to positive changes in the health sector model
thus making it more efficient and price effective
...
These benefits can also be explored by health professionals in South
Pacific countries if cloud based technology were implemented in those countries
...

Cloud computing is a technology where ‘technology is rented or leased on a regular or asneeded basis’ (Turban, Volonino, & Wood, 2013) and this technology is described in the video
‘Jonathan Bush: Emerging Technologies in Healthcare’
...
The revenue for the service
provider of the cloud is the percentage on the services it provides which it collects when the
company gets paid by its patients
...


Trends and Possible Technological Trends
It would be quite beneficial for the health sector to move towards cloud based health care
services
...

According to 2014 HIMSS Analytics Cloud Survey, 83% of IT health care organizations are
using cloud services while 9 % plan to do so in the future (Columbus, 2014)
...
This would lead to substantial cost
reductions as health organizations would not have to maintain large data centres nor purchase
expensive computing equipment
...
The move towards adopting software-as-a-

service (SaaS), infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) and platform-as-a-service (Paas) by IT health
care organizations is quite visible (Columbus, 2014) and it enables these organizations to spend
more time on aspects such as patient management and record keeping rather than upgrading
and maintenance of computing resources which is both time consuming and expensive
...
The usage of smart-phones and other hand handled digital devices by
health organizations are on the rise mainly due to electronic health records, the availability of
health related apps, user-friendly interface and it also enables personalization of an individual’s
habits, likes and dislikes which provides a more personal and interactive experience between
patients and health professionals
...


General Concerns that E-Health Technologies Might Bring to the Health
Sector
There are many benefits of technologies used in E-health to both customers (patients), health
professionals and overall to the health organizations but these technologies can also be a reason
for concern for the health sector
...
Health organizations would purchase
cloud computing solutions from a third party vendor which means that important and
confidential data regarding the organization and its patients would be stored in the data centres
of the third party vender which brings forward the risk of information leakage
...
As data is stored in the data
centres of the third party vendor, control resides not with the organization but with the third
party vendor and therefore any problems or failure would lead to delays in the availability of
data or services to the health organization
...

Moreover, the use of mobile technology in the health sector also raises concerns about security
of data
...
Majority of these personal devices are in the form of tablets and smart phones
and the users usually do not have a strong password or encryption on these devices
...


SWOT Analysis
Implementation of cloud based health care services in the health sector of South Pacific
countries would be a very important step in improving the health care services in these
countries
...

Strengths
One of the strengths of adopting cloud technology in the health sector of South Pacific countries
is that it would lead to cost reductions
...
Thus, usage of cloud computing in health care enables health
organizations to reduce cost as there is no start up expenditure which makes it quite ideal for
South Pacific countries that do not have the financial capacity to purchase expensive computing
resources
...
The University of the South Pacific
(USP) is a regional university which has got campuses located in twelve of its member
countries and along with national universities such Fiji National University (FNU) provide
quality tertiary education to students in various fields
...


Weaknesses
A major weakness in implementing cloud based technology in the health sector of many South
Pacific countries is the limited bandwidth and high charges of internet connectivity in these
countries
...
Therefore, many health
organizations in the South Pacific would not be able to have access to internet and without
internet connection, connecting to the cloud and using services on the cloud is impossible
...
Problems may also arise even
after training programs have been conducted as these employees may not be able to completely
understand and utilize the benefits of a cloud based technology to the health organization
...
Lack of funds hinders the ability of the health sector in many South Pacific
countries to regularly update their IT systems to the latest technology but with cloud based
technology, such a situation is non-existent and enables employees to keep updated with the
latest technology
...
For example, the Fiji’s government’s decision to partially
deregulate the telecommunication market in 2007 turned out to be successful as it led to a
reduction in telecommunication cost and higher internet bandwidth available at cheaper rates
(International Council for Open and Distant Education , 2015)
...

It is also to be noted that South Pacific countries such as Fiji and American Samoa have 4G
technology which means faster internet connectivity
...
Loop-holes in the IT system of the health organization
along with low level of security of the cloud based technology itself would trigger a hacker to
penetrate into the cloud based accounts of health professionals and staff and steal confidential
data of its patients
...

Since cloud computing relies heavily on the internet, a network failure would cause a major
disruption to operations of the health sector
...


Recommendation
Therefore, after conducting the SWOT analysis, it seems to be beneficial to the health sector
of South Pacific countries to implement cloud based technology
...
Cloud based technology can also be seen as a cost reducing
technique as the health sector would not have to purchase expensive computing resources
...
Therefore, it is recommended that cloud based technology should be
implemented in the health sector of the South Pacific countries
...
Business sectors, public sectors, education sectors,
and health sectors have come to realise the effectiveness of information technology in
undertaking many of their operations and many have already adopted or planning to adopt these
technologies with the aim of making their operations more efficient and improving their
services
...
However, it also
important to consider the implications, that is, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and
threats of adopting such technologies by these various sectors in the South Pacific before
actually adopting the technology
...
Perhaps, it may not be
practical for some countries in the South Pacific to implement these technologies today due to
cost, resource, social and political constraints, but if by any chance in the future they are able
to overcome such limitations, implementing these technologies would allow these various
sectors to perform certain tasks that were almost impossible before – opening the doors to more
possibilities
...


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