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Science in Civilization: Exam 1

Chapter 2: Motion
A net force is required for any change in a state of motion

CHAPTER 1: What is Science?
Properties - qualities or attributes characteristic of Motion
Three basic concepts
an object
...
position
Referents - comparative properties in other, more
2
...
acceleration
Problem - language can be subjective
Applications
• horizontal motion on land
Measurement - uses quantitative referents "units"
• falling objects
Three Steps:
• compound (2D) motion
1
...

• forces
2
...
Counting how many standard units
• Newton's laws
describe the property under consideration Applications
• momentum and impulse
Metric System
• circular motion
Volume
LxWxH
• Newton's law of gravitation
Two fundamental components:
Time
Second (s)
• change in position
Energy
Calories (cal)
• change in time
Area
LxW
Three important combinations of length and time:
1
...
Velocity
Luminosity
Candela (cd)
3
...

Laws
• accepted and seemed to be true statements
or ideas

Acceleration - rate at which motion changes over
time; speed & direction can change
...

◦ F = ma
Law of Universal Gravitation
• Attractive force between all masses
Newton's 3rd Law
• For every action, there is an equal and
opposite reaction
...


Metric Prefixes
Prefix

Abbrev

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