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Title: Science in Civilization: Exam 4
Description: Covers Chapter 9: - Chemical bonds - Covalent and Ionic Bonds - Acids and Bases - Macro Molecules - Carbs, Lipids, Fats, Nucleic Acids - Disaccharides - Polysaccharides
Description: Covers Chapter 9: - Chemical bonds - Covalent and Ionic Bonds - Acids and Bases - Macro Molecules - Carbs, Lipids, Fats, Nucleic Acids - Disaccharides - Polysaccharides
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Science in Civilization: Exam 4
CHAPTER 9: Chemical Bonds
Molecule - smallest particle still retaining the
characteristic chemical properties of a substance
Buffer – resists a change in pH, usually produces a
salt and water
Macro Molecules
1
...
Proteins
• Amino acids
3
...
Nucleic Acids
• Nucleotides
Glucose most common molecule in universe
Disaccharides
• sucrose
• maltose (glucose + glucose)
• lactose
Polysaccharides
Chemical Bonds - Attractive forces holding atoms
1
...
Glycogen
• Ionic
3
...
Chitin → NH2 group, strong
◦ example: NaCl → Na loses; Cl gains
◦ Forms a nonionized substance
Dehydration Synthesis – drawn out in naturally
◦ Taking electrons (1,2,7 outer shell)
drawn nature, water removed
•
•
Covalent
◦ Octets achieved through sharing
electrons
◦ Typically between nonmetallic
elements, r
...
s of periodic table
◦ Sharing electrons (4,5,6 outer shell)
Water
Acids & Bases
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Neutral
Acids
Bases
Hydrolysis – add water back to break glucose
(molecule) down
[diagram]
Proteins – building block – amino acid
Title: Science in Civilization: Exam 4
Description: Covers Chapter 9: - Chemical bonds - Covalent and Ionic Bonds - Acids and Bases - Macro Molecules - Carbs, Lipids, Fats, Nucleic Acids - Disaccharides - Polysaccharides
Description: Covers Chapter 9: - Chemical bonds - Covalent and Ionic Bonds - Acids and Bases - Macro Molecules - Carbs, Lipids, Fats, Nucleic Acids - Disaccharides - Polysaccharides