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Title: Anatomy and physiology vocabs
Description: helpful notes and vocabs for medical , biology even nursing students .
Description: helpful notes and vocabs for medical , biology even nursing students .
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Cyanosis
a bluish discoloration of the skin caused by
insufficient oxygen
Erythema
a reddish color of the skin caused by a congestion of
blood in the vessels
Jaundice
a yellow discoloration of the skin; may indicate bile
in the blood or as a result of liver or gallbladder
disease
Macules
flat spots on the skin, such as
freckles
Papules
firm, raised areas such as pimples or the early stages
of chicken pox
1
Vesicles
blisters, or fluid-filled sacs such as those seen in
advanced stages of chicken pox
Wheals
itchy, elevated areas with an irregular shape; insect
bites and hives
Ulcer
a deep loss of skin surface that may extend into the
dermis; may cause bleeding or scars
Eczema
a non contagious, inflammatory skin disorder caused
by an allergen or irritant
...
2
Exudate
material including fluid, pus, or cells that escaped
from blood vessels and has deposited in tissues
(ex-white exudate on tonsils as seen in Strep throat)
Axial skeleton
main trunk of the body composed of the skull, spinal
column, ribs, and breastbone
...
Sutures
areas where the cranial bones have
joined together
Fontanels
spaces or “soft spots” that allow for enlargement of
the skull as the brain grows during infancy and
childhood
...
Vertebrae
bones of the spinal column including 7 cervical
(neck), 12 thoracic (chest), 5 lumbar (waist), 1
sacrum (back of pelvic girdle), and 1 coccyx
(tailbone)
...
Compound/Open
fractures
the bone breaks and ruptures through the skin which
creates an increased chance of infection
Osteomyelitis
bone inflammation usually caused by a pathogenic
organism; pus develops within the bone marrow
4
Osteoporosis
increased porosity or the softening of the bones
caused by low estrogen in females, prolonged lack of
calcium in the diet, and a sedentary lifestyle
Scoliosis
a lateral curvature of the spine
Adduction
moving a body part toward the
midline
Abduction
moving a body part away from the
midline
Fascia
a tough, sheet-like membrane that covers and
protects muscle tissue
5
Atrophy
shrink in the size or losing strength
in a muscle
Muscular Dystrophy
a group of inherited diseases that lead to chronic,
progressive muscle atrophy
Neurotransmitters
chemicals located at the end of each axon that allow
the nerve impulses to pass from one neuron to
another
Central Nervous
System
consists of the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System
consists of the nerves
6
CVA
cerebrovascular accident (stroke) occurs when blood
flow to the brain is impaired, resulting in a lack of
oxygen to the brain tissue
Meningitis
an inflammation of the meninges of the brain and/or
spinal cord and is caused by a microorganism
Glaucoma
a condition of increased intraocular (within the eye)
pressure caused by en excess amount of aqueous
humor (the fluid in the eye); a leading cause of
blindness
Otitis Media
ear infection; most common in children due to a
shorter Eustachian tube
Diastole
ventricular rest (filling with blood)
7
Systole
ventricular contraction (pumping
blood)
Hypertension
high blood pressure; a systolic pressure over 140
and/or a diastolic pressure over 90
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
heart attack; occurs when a blockage in the coronary
arteries cuts off blood supply to the heart resulting in
death of tissue
Thrombophlebitis
inflammation of a vein where a clot
forms
Arteriosclerosis
a hardening or thickening of the arterial walls,
resulting in a loss of elasticity and contractility
8
Artherosclerosis
occurs when fatty plaques (cholesterol) are deposited
on the artery walls
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
occurs when the heart muscles do not beat
adequately to supply the blood needs of the body;
may involve right side or the left side of the heart
Angina Pectoris
acute pain in the chest caused by interference with
the blood supply or oxygen to the heart
Hypoxemia
deficient oxygenation of the blood
Splenomegaly
an enlargement of the spleen; can result from too
many red blood cells, liver disease, mononucleosis
9
Cilia
tiny hair-like structures in the respiratory airways
that move mucous and trapped particles up to the
esophagus where they can be swallowed
Title: Anatomy and physiology vocabs
Description: helpful notes and vocabs for medical , biology even nursing students .
Description: helpful notes and vocabs for medical , biology even nursing students .