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Spanish Final Study Guide
Pretérito
● Past actions or events that are completed
● Sums up a condition or state viewed as a whole (no longer in effect)
● Ayer, anoche, el _____ pasado, un día, de repente
-ar endings
é

amos

aste

asteis

ó

aron
-er/-ir endings

í

imos

iste

isteis

ió

ieron

Preterite of Irregular Verbs
tener

tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvisteis, tuvieron

estar

estuve, estuviste, estuvo, estuvimos, estuvisteis, estuvieron

poder

pude, pudiste, pudo, pudimos, pudisteis, pudieron

poner

puse, pusiste, puso, pusimos, pusisteis, pusieron

saber

supe, supiste, supo, supimos, supisteis, supieron

hacer

hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicisteis, hicieron

venir

vine, viniste, vino, vinimos, vinisteis, vinieron

querer

quise, quisiste, quiso, quisimos, quisisteis, quisieron

decir

dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijisteis, dijeron

traer

traje, trajiste, trajo, trajimos, trajisteis, trajeron

conducir

conduje, condujiste, condujo, condujimos, condujisteis, condujeron

traducir

traduje, tradujiste, tradujo, tradujimos, tradujisteis, tradujeron

ser

fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron

ir

fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron

dar

di, diste, dio, dimos, disteis, dieron
Stem Changing Verb
servir (e > ie)
serví

servimos

serviste

servisteis

sirvió

sirvieron
Dormir (o > u)

dormí

dormimos

dormiste

dormisteis

durmió

durmieron

Imperfect
● To describe actions or events that the speaker views as in the process of happening in the
past, with no reference to when they began or ended
○ Empezábamos a estudiar cuando él vino
■ We were beginning to study when he came
● Habitual or repeated actions in the past
○ No, cuando vivíamos allí siempre hablábamos español
■ No, when we lived there we always spoke Spanish
● Describes physical, mental, or emotional conditions in the past
○ Mi casa era muy grande
■ My house was very big
● Expresses time and age in the past
○ ¿Qué hora era?
■ What time was it?
● Describe or set stage in the past
○ Mi novia era bonita
...

-ar endings
aba

ábamos

abas

abais

aba

aban
-er/ir endings

ía

íamos

ías

íais

ía

ían
Imperfect Irregular Verbs

ser

era, eras, era, éramos, erais, eran

ir

iba, ibas, iba, íbamos, ibais, iban

ver

veía, veías, veía, veíamos, veíais, veían

Participles
Endings
-ar

-er/- ir

ado

ido

● Irregular Past Participles
○ R – roto
○ E – escrito
○ V – vuleto
○ V – visto
○ M – muerto
○ A – abierto
○ C – cubierto
○ P – puesto
○ H – hecho
○ D – dicho
Present Perfect Tense (Pretérito Perfecto)
Present Indicative of haber (to have)
he

hemos

has

habéis

ha

han

● Formation of the Present Perfect Tense
○ Present of haber + Past Participle
■ he hablado – I have spoken
■ has comido – you have
■ ha vuelto – you have returned; he, she has returned
■ hemos dicho – we have said
■ habéis roto – you have broken
■ han hecho – you have done, made; they have done , made
○ Examples
■ No, no ha podido ir
...

■ Ella ha estacionado aquí
...

■ Ella nunca ha hecho nada
...


Past Perfect (pluperfect) tense (Pretérito pluscuamperfecto)
Imperfect of haber
había

habíamos

habías

habías

había

habían

● Formation of the Past Perfect Tense
○ Imperfect of haber + Past Participle
■ había hablado – I had spoken
...

○ Examples
○ No, nunca habíamos estado allí
...

○ Sí, cuando yo vine, él ya había llegado
...

Uses of Por and Para
Por

Para

Motion (through, along, by, via)

Destination

Cause or motive of an action (because of,
on account of, on behalf of)

Goal for a specific point in the future (by or
for a certain time in the future)

Means, manner, unit of measure (by, per)

Whom or what something is for

In exchange for

Objective or goal

Period of time during which an action takes
place (during, in, for)

In order to

By the standard of

Sentence Structure
Reflexive Indirect Direct Object Pronoun
● Indirect Object Pronouns
○ me
nos
te
os
le
les
○ Examples
■ Ella les da el dinero a los muchachos
● What does she give? El dinero
● Whom does she give it to? A los muchachos
● Reflexive Pronouns
○ me
nos
te
os
se
se
○ Examples
■ Yo me visto
...

● They dress themselves
● Direct Object
me
nos
te
os
lo/la
los/las
○ Examples
■ Yo compro el café
...
(I buy it)
● Yo no lo compro
...
eres, es, somos, sois, son

dar

doy, das, da, damos, dais, dan
Verbs with Irregular First Person

salir

salgo

hacer

hago

poner

pongo

traer

traigo

conducir

conduzco

traducir

traduzco

conocer

conozco

caber

quepo

ver

veo

saber

sé

Future Tense
-ar, -er, -ir endings
é

emos

ás

éis

á

án
Irregular Stems

decir

dir-

hacer

har-

querer

querr-

saber

sabr-

poder

podr-

poner

pondr-

salir

saldr-

tener

tendr-

venir

vendr-

Vocabulary
● Verbs
○ ser - to be
○ conversar - to talk, to
converse
○ cenar - to have dinner
○ desear - to wish, to want
○ enseñar - to teach
○ estudiar - to study
○ ganar - to earn
○ necesitar - to need
○ terminar - to end, to finish
○ tomar - to take (a class); to
drink
○ trabajar - to work
○ abrir - to open
○ ayudar - to help
○ barrer - to sweep
○ beber - to drink
○ cenar - to dine
○ comer - to eat
○ correr - to run
○ cortar - to cut, to mow
○ deber - to have to, to must
○ descansar - to rest
○ dividir - to divide
○ hacer (yo hago) - to do, to
make
○ lavar - to wash
○ limpiar - to clean
○ llegar - to arrive
○ mirar - to watch, to look at
○ planchar - to iron
○ preparar - to prepare
○ sacar - to take out
○ sacudir - to dust
○ tener - to have
○ venir - to come
○ vivir - to live
○ bailar - to dance

○ brindar - to toast
○ celebrar - to celebrate
○ conocer - to know, to be
acquainted
○ dar - to give
○ decidir - to decide
○ estar - to be
○ gritar - to shout
○ invitar - to invite
○ levantar - to raise
○ llevar - to take (someone or
something someplace)
○ planear - to plan
○ saber - to know
○ traer - to bring
○ ver - to see
○ caminar - to walk
○ dejar - to leave (behind)
○ desayunar - to have breakfast
○ empezar - (e > ie), comenzar
(e > ie) - to begin, to start
○ llamar - to call
○ pagar - to pay
○ pedir (e > i) - to order (at a
restaurant)
○ pensar (e > ie) - to think, to
plan
○ preferir (e > ie) - to prefer
○ querer (e > ie) - to want
○ seguir (e > i) - to follow
○ almorzar (o > ue) - to have
lunch
○ cocinar - to cook
○ comprar - to bu
○ costar (o > ue) to cost
○ decir (e > i) - to say, to tell
○ elegir (e > i), escoger - to
choose

○ poder (o > ue) - to be able to,
can
○ volver (o > ue) - to return, to
go (come) back
○ aburrirse - to be bored
○ bromear - to kid, to joke
○ cambiar - to change
○ divertirse (e > ie) - to have a
good time
○ entrar (en) - to enter, to go in
○ gustar - to like, to appeal
○ levantarse - to get up
○ mandar, enviar - to send
○ merender (e > ie) - to have an
afternoon snack
○ nadar - to swim
○ patinar - to skate
○ preguntar - to ask (a
question)
○ quejarse - to complain
○ reírse - to laugh
○ romper - to break
○ vistar - to visit
○ acampar - to camp
○ agradecer (yo agradezco) - to
thank, to be grateful
○ alquilar - to rent
○ encantar - to love, to like
very much
○ escapar(se) - to escape
○ hospedarse - to stay (i
...
, at a
hotel)
○ juntarse - to get together
○ pasar - to spend (time)
○ prestar - to lend
○ prometer - to promise
○ remar - to row
○ suponer (yo supongo) - to
suppose
○ usar - to use

○ apretar (e > ie) - to be tight
○ buscar - to look for, to get
○ calzar - to wear (a certain
shoe size)
○ conocer (yo conozco) - to
meet for the first time
○ gastar - to spend (i
...
money)
○ regalar - to give a gift
○ usar - to wear
○ acordarse(de) (o > ue) - to
remember
○ arreglar - to fix
○ depositar - to deposit
○ descomponer(se) - to break
down
○ esconder - to hide
○ esperar - to wait
○ fechar - to date
○ firmar - to sign
○ funcionar - to work, to
function
○ llenar - to fill, to fill out
○ revisar - to check
○ solicitar - to apply for, to ask
for, to request
○ averiguar - to find out
○ cansarse - to get tired
○ compartir - to share
○ convencer - to convince
○ dejar - to let
○ incluir - to include
○ sentir (e > ie) - to regret
○ subir, abordar - to board
○ sugerir (e > ie) - to suggest
○ temer - to fear, to be afraid
○ viajar - to travel
○ acordarse (de) (o > ue) - to
remember
○ cobrar - to charge

○ enseñar, mostrar (o > ue) - to
show
○ parecer (yo parezco) - to
seem
○ atender (e > ie) - to see (a
patient)
○ caerse (yo me caigo) - to fall
○ chocar - to collide
○ continuar - to continue
○ cortar(se) - to cut (oneself)
○ desinfectar - to disinfect
○ doler (o > ue) - to hurt, to
ache
○ dudar - to doubt
○ golpear(se) - to hit (oneself)
○ lastimarse - to hurt oneself
○ llorar - to cry
○ pasar, suceder - to happen
○ quemar(se) - to burn (oneself)
○ revisar - to check
○ romper(se) - to break



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