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Title: Care for children with special needs
Description: It identify the scope of problems or effects on the family in caring of child with special needs, the changing trends in care of children with special needs. Outline nursing care that promote the family's optimal adjustment to the child’s chronic disorder
Description: It identify the scope of problems or effects on the family in caring of child with special needs, the changing trends in care of children with special needs. Outline nursing care that promote the family's optimal adjustment to the child’s chronic disorder
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Advanced Children Nursing 1
(HA-0302)
Care of Children with Special Needs
Learning objectives:
Identify the scope of problems or effects on the
family in caring of child with special needs
Identify the changing trends in care of children with
special needs
Outline nursing care that promote the family's
optimal adjustment to the child’s chronic disorder
DEFINITION OF CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
Children with special health care needs (CSHCN), defined as those
children who have or are at increased risk for a chronic physical,
developmental, behavioral, or emotional condition and who also
require health and related services of a type or amount beyond that
required by children generally (McPherson et al , 1998)
"Special needs" are commonly defined by what a child can't do -- by
milestones unmet, foods banned, activities avoided, experiences denied
...
The designation is useful for getting needed services, setting
appropriate goals, and gaining understanding for a child and stressed
family
...
CONGENITAL DISABILITY : a disability that has existed since birth
but is not necessarily hereditary
DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY : a maturational tag – an abnormal,
slower rate of development in which a child demonstrates a
functioning level below that observed in normal children of the
same age
(Wong et al, 1999)
Key terms regarding children with special needs
DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY : Any mental and/or physical disability that is manifested
before 22 years and is likely to continue indefinitely
DISABILITY : typically defined as a physical or mental impairment substantially limiting
one or more major life activities (eg walking, seeing, speaking, breathing, learning)
HANDICAP : a condition or barrier imposed by society, the environment, or one’s own
self, not synonym for disability
IMPAIRMENT: A loss or abnormality of structure or function
TECHNOLOGY DEPENDENT CHILD : A child aged birth and 21 years with chronic
disability that require routine use of a medical devise to compensate for the loss pf a life
sustaining bodily function, daily ongoing care and/or monitoring is required by trained
personnel
...
Different conditions presents most families with additional tasks,
responsibilities and concerns
...
may require numerous tests, long hospital stays,
expensive equipment, and accommodations for
disabilities
...
With diagnoses like ADHD, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum
Disorder, Dysfunction of Sensory Integration, and
Tourette Syndrome, they require specialized
strategies that are tailored to their specific abilities
and disabilities
...
Their parents need to be flexible and creative
...
Diagnoses like autism, Down syndrome and
intellectual disabilities often cause children to be
removed from the mainstream
parents must be fierce advocates to make sure
their children receive the services, therapy,
schooling, and inclusion they need and deserve
...
Eg
dyslexia
specialized learning strategies are required
to meet their potential and avoid self-esteem
problems and behavioral difficulties
...
Mental Health Issues
Living with a child with mental health issues can
put family members on a roller coaster of mood
swings and crises and defiance
...
The consequences of missed clues and wrong
guesses can be significant
...
account for about 80% of all health care
expenses for children even though they
make up less than 20% of the child
population
...
Require Health and Related Services
health and related services broadly to include the continuum of services that
may be required to maintain or improve the health and functioning of
children
...
(McPherson et al , 1998)
The coordination of care, involving doctors, teachers, and community
resources, can be challenging for parents of children with special
health care needs
...
The required time commitment alone is substantial for some parents
...
Fifty‐one percent of children with special health
care needs ages 5 to 17missed at least 4 days of school due to illness
...
Indeed, more than one‐fifth of parents of children with special health
care needs report receiving help with coordination of care or
services
...
org
...
-
Emphasizes on child’s abilities and strength rather than disabilities
...
-
Collaborative relationship is essential which is characterized by
communication, dialogue, active listening, awareness and acceptance of
difference
...
The
environment should be structured to encourage
the child’s engagement in age-appropriate
activities
...
SHIFTS OF TREND IN CARE OF SPECIAL NEEDS CHILDREN
-
-
Home Care
Concurrent with trend toward normailzation
Earlier discharge of children from acute or chronic care facilities to
the family and community
...
The following services will be provided based on the needs of the
child and family:
Community Living Supports (CLS)
Respite Services
Personal Care (bathing, feeding, etc
...
Supplemental programs designed in the school systems to provide
the children with equal learning opportunity
...
SHIFTS OF TREND IN CARE OF SPECIAL NEEDS CHILDREN
Respite Care
Caretakers often face serious problems and stress as a result of balancing the
needs of their child or adult with special needs with the needs of other family
members
...
range from a few hours of care provided on a one-time basis to overnight or
extended care sessions
...
Providers, chosen by the family, care for children or adults with special needs while
families take a class, go to a movie, go on a vacation, or enjoy any activity
...
Last but not least
NURSING CARE IN THE PROMOTION
THE FAMILY'S OPTIMAL ADJUSTMENT
What are the nursing
care/role/interventions/support that nurses may
provide for child and family in meeting the
needs(development) for special needs children:
-infant
-toddler
- Pre-schooler
- Schoolers
- adolescent
Understanding the views of parents of children with special needs about the
nursing care their child receives when in hospital: a qualitative study
Avis & Reardon J Child Health Care 2008 12: 7
aim was to explore parents’ views of the nursing care for
their child with additional needs while receiving care in
hospital
...
parents are deemed ‘expert’ and, lead to a lack of nursing
input in terms of practical and emotional support
...
RESULTS FINDINGS
their needs for communication and reassurance were not
being recognized by nurses
nurses are capable of effective communication with
children and their parents, but these skills are not utilized
in negotiating care or identifying the child’s and parents’
needs
...
- develop an educational model for improving communication
between nurses, families and children
Title: Care for children with special needs
Description: It identify the scope of problems or effects on the family in caring of child with special needs, the changing trends in care of children with special needs. Outline nursing care that promote the family's optimal adjustment to the child’s chronic disorder
Description: It identify the scope of problems or effects on the family in caring of child with special needs, the changing trends in care of children with special needs. Outline nursing care that promote the family's optimal adjustment to the child’s chronic disorder