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Title: Nucleic Acids & the RNA World
Description: These notes are for 1st year biology students in introductory level college biology. They are intensely descriptive and hit on a large amount of topics. Such as RNA, DNA, their build up, and how things such DNA synthesis replication and mistake detection takes place.
Description: These notes are for 1st year biology students in introductory level college biology. They are intensely descriptive and hit on a large amount of topics. Such as RNA, DNA, their build up, and how things such DNA synthesis replication and mistake detection takes place.
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Ch2 Bio Notes
Monday, August 31, 2015
8:12 PM
Atoms, Ions Molecule: Building blobcks of chem
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Four types: hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen make 96% of org
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# of neutrons creates an isotope - means different masses
Atomic weight: avg
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charge
Hydrogen has partial pos
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oxygen of one water molecule
Partially positive hydrogen
Can also form between two water molecules
Water & Hydrogen bonds
Hydrophilic atoms and molecules: Ions and polar molecules stay in the solution because of their
interaction with water's partial charges
Hydrogen Bonding: Makes it possible for almost any charged or polar molecule to dissolve in
water
Hydrophilic: are uncharged and nonpolar compounds (lipids)
Do not dissolve in water
Water & Properties
Unique due to its structure
Small size
Bent shape
High polarity
Overall Polarity
Has 7 properties worth notice, largely due to its ability to make hydrogen bonds
o Cohesive, adhesive, denser as a solid than a liquid, able to absorb large amounts of energy
Cohesive: binding between like molecules & itself
o Results in higher surface tension
Adhesion: binding between unlike molecules
o Binding to plastic or epithelial layer
Denser as liquid than a solid: expands as it changes from liquid to a solid
Able to absorb large amounts of energy
o Large capacity for absorbing heat: high specific heat & high heat of evaporation
Acid-Base Reactions & PH
Proton [hydrogen ion (H+)] concentration is the basis of pH
o pH expresses proton concentration in a solution
The pH of pure water is 7
o Acid is less than 7; Base has pH greater than 7
In acid-base reactions:
o A proton donor (acid) transfers a proton to a proton receptor (base)
Acids release H+ ions while bases take them in
The pH scale in Bio
pH scale is a measure of H+ concentration
Working scale is between 0 & 14 while 7 is neutral
It is logarithmic
Greater H+ level means a lower pH and more acidic
Lower means higher pH and more basic/alkaline
Concentration between H+ ions changes by a factor of 10
Buffers; are compounds that minimize changes in pH
Chemical Reactions
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Importance of Carbon
Most versatile atom on earth
o 4 valence electrons
o Can form many covalent bonds
Molecules containing carbon cano Almost limitless array of molecular shapes
o W/ different combinations of single and double bonds
The formation of carbon-carbon bonds was a major important event in chemical evolution
Functional Groups
Every amino acid has two groups: An amino group & a carboxyl group
Title: Nucleic Acids & the RNA World
Description: These notes are for 1st year biology students in introductory level college biology. They are intensely descriptive and hit on a large amount of topics. Such as RNA, DNA, their build up, and how things such DNA synthesis replication and mistake detection takes place.
Description: These notes are for 1st year biology students in introductory level college biology. They are intensely descriptive and hit on a large amount of topics. Such as RNA, DNA, their build up, and how things such DNA synthesis replication and mistake detection takes place.