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Title: Plants Revision Mindmap
Description: This is a simple and easy to follow mindmap about plants in biology.

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Plants and mineral ions

Photosynthesis

Plants need minerals for healthy growth
...


Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make carbohydrates from raw materials, using
energy from light
...
A plant will not grow well if it cannot get
enough of these ions, and it will show symptoms of mineral deficiency
...

Some glucose is used for respiration, while some is converted into insoluble starch for storage
...


Nitrogen fertilisers - such as ammonium nitrate and ammonium phosphate - provide plants with
water-soluble sources of nitrogen that they can absorb through their roots
...

However, overuse can cause problems
...
This can lead to the death of fish and other aquatic animals
...

A leaf needs:
• a way to transport water to the leaf, and glucose to other parts of the plant
• a way to exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen
• the ability to absorb light energy efficiently

Transport

Factors affecting photosynthesis

1
...
You need to:
heat a plant leaf in boiling water for 30 seconds (this stops its chemical reactions)
2
...
wash with water and spread onto a white tile
4
...
After a few minutes, the parts of the leaf that contain starch turn blue-black
...
Ethanol boils at 78°C, so a tube of it boils
when placed in a beaker of hot water
...


Absorbing light energy

Light intensity

Carbon dioxide concentration

Starch testing

Leaf Structure

Three factors can limit the rate of photosynthesis: light intensity, carbon
dioxide concentration and temperature
...
Increasing the light intensity will boost the rate of
photosynthesis
...


Variegated leaves have green parts (where the cells contain chlorophyll) and white parts (where

Light absorption happens in the palisade mesophyll tissue of the leaf
...
They are arranged closely together so that a lot of
light energy can be absorbed
...


Features of leaves and their functions

Temperature

If it gets too cold, the rate of photosynthesis will
decrease
...


Feature

Function

Large surface area

Maximise light
absorption

Thin

Short distance for
carbon dioxide to diffuse
into leaf cells

When the plant is photosynthesising during the day, these features allow carbon dioxide to diffuse
into the spongy mesophyll cells, and oxygen to diffuse out of it
...
They also open or close to control the loss of water from leaf by the process of
transpiration
...
Spongy mesophyll cells are
covered by a thin layer of water and loosely packed
...
Only the parts that were green
become blue-black with iodine solution, showing the
importance of chlorophyll in photosynthesis
...
Parts of its leaves are covered with dark paper,
and the plant is left in the light for a few hours
...



Title: Plants Revision Mindmap
Description: This is a simple and easy to follow mindmap about plants in biology.