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Pollination and flowers

Flowers
Flowers are important in the sexual reproduction of plants
...

These must meet for reproduction to begin - a process called pollination
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Two parents are needed in sexual reproduction, and the offspring produced are genetically different to
the parents
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Function

Sepal

There are two types of reproduction - sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction
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• time and energy are needed to find a mate
• not possible for an isolated individual

Insect-pollinated flowers

Asexual reproduction

Flowers with brightly-coloured petals are usually insect-pollinated flowers
...
They have small petals, and their
stamens and stigmas hang outside the flower
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It grows through the style until it reaches an ovule inside the ovary
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This process is called fertilisation
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Pollen lands on stigma and grows a
pollen tube

2
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The fertilised ovule develops into
a seed

• embryo – the young root and shoot that will become the
adult plant
• food store – starch for the young plant to use until it is able
to carry out photosynthesis
• seed coat – a tough protective outer covering
Germination is a process, controlled
by enzymes, in which the seed
begins to develop into a new
young plant
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Germinating seeds use their
food stores until the
seedlings can produce their
own food by photosynthesis

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