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A1
JA
Professor Idleman
EMS 121EM3
Chapter 10 Class Notes
Ventilation – breathing in and out; artificial provision of breaths
Alveolar ventilation – the amount of air that reaches the alveoli
Tidal volume – the amount of air moved in one breath cycle of inhalation and exhalation; typically 5-7
Minute volume – amount of air moved into and out of the lungs per minute
MV = Tv * RR
Dead Air Space – remainder of air that occupies in the trachea, bronchioles, and other parts of the airway
that is never “breathed”
Diffusion – molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration; usually
movement of gas in this context
Pulmonary Respiration – the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and circulating
blood in the pulmonary arteries
Cellular Respiration – exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and circulating blood
Respiration – diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood (pulmonary
respiration_ and between the blood and the cells (cellular respiration)
...
volume
O2 sat low
No chest rise
No evidence of air
movement
No BS
O2 sat very low

Artificial ventilations; 1012/min

Quality:
Breath sounds present and equal, chest expansion equal; minimum
effort

Depth: Adequate

Cyanosis – blue or greying resulting from lack of oxygen to the body
Respiratory Evaluation
Normal Breathing:
Quiet, no unusual sounds

Normal Rate of Breathing

Normal Skin color
Normal Mental Status

Respiratory Distress:
May have unusual sounds; such
as wheezing, stridor, or
coughing
Typically elevated rate of
breathing; not excessively fast;
minute volume
Sometimes normal or pale due
to vasoconstriction
Normal, sometimes agitated or
anxious

Respiratory Failure:
Same as distress; beware absent
sounds
Often too fast or too slow;
sometimes irregular/slowing
inadequate minute volume
Pale or blue, sometimes bottled
or blotchy
Altered Mental Status

Artificial Ventilation – forcing air or oxygen into the lungs when a patient has stopped breathing or has
inadequate breathing (ppv)
Negative Side Effects of PPv
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Decreasing cardiac output/drop in bp
Gastric Distention
Hyperventilation

Techniques for Artificial Ventilation
-

Mouth to mask
Two-rescuer bvm
One-rescuer bvm
Flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device

*remember, inadequate artificial ventilation occurs when chest does not rise and fall with ventilations and
ventilation is too fast or slow*

A3
CPAP – continuous positive airway pressure
BiPAP – biphasic continuous positive airway pressure
Pocket Face Mask – usually one way valve; uses rescue breaths
BVM – handheld bag which attaches to face mask; delivers artificial ventilations to a patient
Two Rescuer BVM Ventilation
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Open airway; suction and airway
Select correct bvm size
Secure mask
Kneel at patient’s head; place mask
Lift jaw to mask
Bag every 5 seconds; 3 seconds for child or infant
...
625 liters
M Cylinder app
...
5300 L
Fixed H cylinder app
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16
E =
...
56
G = 2
...
14
K = 3

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