Notesale: Turn your study into money

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Development of Education
1800’s
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Public schools educated upper-classes

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Grammar schools taught children of the middle-class

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Fee paying schools for middle-class and working-class

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Elementary schools for the working-class run by churches and charities – the standards were
often appalling

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One-third of children received no schooling at all

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No organised education system

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The rich had private tutors

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Most people were taught skills from their parents and relatives, often resulting in the
children choosing the same or similar jobs to their parents

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At this time, there were a lot of jobs which were primary (getting raw materials) or
secondary (making things) – rather than mainly tertiary jobs (services) like modern times
...
There were 3 types of school for children from
different class backgrounds:
o

Elementary schools for the working-class

o

Grammar schools for the middle classes

o

Public schools for the upper classes

1918
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Leaving age is 14

1944 – Butler Education Reform Act
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Gave pupils an equal chance to develop their abilities to the full within a free system of state
education

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Each child up to the age of 15 was to receive an education based upon their ability

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Primary is 5-11yrs

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Secondary was 11-15yrs

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Further / higher is 15+

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TRIPARTITE SYSTEM – 11+ test
o

Grammar school – academic – o’levels + A levels (middle class)

o

Technical school – technicabilty (working-class and middle-class)

o

Secondary modern school – practical skills – no formal qualifications (working-class)

1965 – Comprehensive System
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All pupils in area attend

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Better facilities

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The 11+ abolished

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More meritocratic

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To overcome class divide

1988 – Educations Reform Act (Conservative Government)
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Introduction to the National Curriculum

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Brought in SATs (Standard Assessment Tests)

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Increase choice and competition, league tables were brought in
o

Figures can be manipulated by influencing advise given to students (so those less
likely to pass may be advised not to take the exam)

o

Results in schools marketing themselves -> Marketization

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New vocationalism (work-based learning)

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Put in place while Margaret Thatcher was in power
o

Designed to meet the needs of industry (e
...
the work based learning), creating;



Youth Training Schemes
NVQs

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Open enrolment and parental choice

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OFSTED – Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills
o People would come into lessons and grade the school



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