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Mouth
At the beginning of the alimentary canal is the mouth
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The first part of the mouth is the lips
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The superior (upper) lip is closest
to the nose whereas the inferior (lower) lip is closest to the chin
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The Hard Palate extends over the roof of the mouth and is made up of the maxillae and
palatine bones
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Next is the Uvula which is a piece of soft tissue that hangs down from the soft
palate and moves up to close off the nasal cavities when swallowing to prevent food/liquid from
entering the nasal cavities
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Finally there are the teeth
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The incisors are located at
the front of the mouth, are flat and are used for cutting food
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Next are the premolars
(bicuspids), they have two cusps which are used for crushing and grinding food
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Covering the
trachea is the epiglottis, a thin piece of cartilage, which prevents food and liquid from entering the
trachea and instead enter the oesophagus
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The
Oesophagus connects the pharynx to the stomach
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Its primary
function is allow a bolus of food to travel from the mouth to the stomach
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It is lined with non keratinising stratified squamous epithelium
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It has roughly 1500ml capacity but
is capable of expanding to allow more in the way of capacity
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The stomach contains enzyme secreting cells which help to
break down the food to allow the essential nutrients to be absorbed by the body
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It connects the stomach to the
Ileum
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The duodenum is used for absorption and has a very large surface area which contains plicae, villi
and microvilli
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The function of the
ileum is to absorb most of the nutrients from the food
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The duodenum,
jejunum and ileum are the 3 parts that make up the small intestine
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Large Intestine
The Large intestine is the final part of the digestive tract and consists of 3 main parts; the caecum
(which has the appendix attached to it), the ascending, transverse and descending colon and the
rectum
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According the the Med Revise website (Med Revise, Unknown), the structure of the caecum and
appendix are as follows “They lie in the right ilac fossa
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The vermiform appendix is around 10-15cm long, and is
connected by a slit like opening
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On the outside wall of the caecum are the taenaie, which look like cords running down the outside
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The next part of the large intestine is the ascending, transverse and descending colon
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5 metres long and begins at the caecum before ending at the beginning of
the rectum
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The final part of the large intestine is the rectum, it consists of two tubes with a 70 degree bend
between them
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Liver
The liver is an organ that is also used in digestion and is located in the upper abdominal cavity
near to the stomach
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The function of the liver is to store glycogen,
vitamin b12, iron and copper, produce and secrete bile, and in both carbohydrate and lipid
metabolism
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It also produces hormones which secrete insulin
and glucagon

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