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Title: Anatomy of The Spinal Cord Flashnotes
Description: Anatomy of Spinal Cord Substansia Grisea Substantia Alba Visceral Efferent pathway Structure of spinal nerves Branches of spinal nerves ( brachial plexus and lumbosacral plexus)
Description: Anatomy of Spinal Cord Substansia Grisea Substantia Alba Visceral Efferent pathway Structure of spinal nerves Branches of spinal nerves ( brachial plexus and lumbosacral plexus)
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3/24/2016
NEUROANATOMY II
(THE SPINAL CORD)
THE DIV
...
ANATOMY
PHYSIOLOGY AND
PHARMACOLOGY, FVM-BAU
THE SPINAL CORD AND THE SPINAL NERVES
Medulla spinalis: CNS; Nervi spinales: PNS
THE ANATOMY OF THE SPINAL CORD
• Intumescentia cervicalis: plexus brachialis
• Intumescentia lumbalis: plexus lumbosacralis
• The event of ascensus medullae spinalis:
cauda equina, conus terminalis, filum
q
terminalis
• Meningen medulla spinalis
• The internal anatomy of the spinal cord
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VARIOUS SHAPES OF THE SPINAL CORD
Canine
Porcine
Bovine
Equine
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VARIOUS SHAPES OF THE SPINAL CORD & CAUDA
EQUINA
THE SPINAL CORD’S MENINGES
THE NAMES OF THE MENINGES LAYERS
duramater - outermost, fibrous tissue
arachnoidea - fine, transparent, columnar net
piamater
- innermost, thin, adheres to the spinal cord
MENINGES SPACES: injection of anaesthetics or
aspiration of cerebrospinal fluid
Cavum epidurale
- periosteum ~ duramater
Cavum subdurale
- duramater ~ arachnoidea
Cavum subarachnoidea - arachnoidea ~ piamater
Liquor cerebrospinalis, radix dorsalis, radix ventralis,
ligamentum denticulatum
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THE CROSS-SECTION
OF THE SPINAL CORD
IN-SITU
Subdural space
Subarachnoid space
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Cerebrospinal fluid aspiration
-Conus medullaris (4)
-Filum terminalis (5)
-Subarachnoidea space (8)
-Duramater (7)
-Epidurale space (6
The spinal cord in the vertebral canal & the
cauda equina
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THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE SPINAL CORD
The central canal: contains cerebrospinal fluid
Substantia grisea (grey matter) : the sensory and
motoric neuron cell bodies, efferent neuron dendrites,
unmyelinated axons of spinal neurons
Substantia alba (white matter): afferent and efferent
myelinated neuron fibers
Radix dorsalis – ganglion spinalis : afferent fibers
Radix ventralis: efferent fibers (somato & visceromotoric)
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4
D
1
E
C
A
B
2
3
F
G
5
A
...
Substantia grisea
C
...
Funiculus dorsalis,
2
...
Funiculus ventralis, 4
...
Fissura mediana ventralis
D
...
Ganglion spinalis
F
...
Nervus spinalis
a
b
1
c
NUCLEI AND GANGLIA IN THE
SPINAL CORD
a
...
Intermediate column: visceromotoric (sympathetic) neurons
c
...
Spinal ganglion: sensory neuron
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SUBSTANSIA GRISEA
The part of the spinal cord that is grey, contains neuron
bodies and unmyelinated neuron fibers
• Dorsal horn
: neuron, afferent/sensory input
• Intermediate horn : sympathetic visceral efferent
neuron
• Ventral horn
: somatomotoric efferent neuron
• comissura
: the fiber that connects left and
right (movement/cross reflex)
The organization of neuron
bodies in the grey matter of
the spinal cord (A) and
medulla oblongata (B)
1
...
Visceral Afferent
3
...
Somatic Efferent
5
...
Ventral
6 V t l root
t
7
...
Sulcus limitans
9
...
Alar laminae
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9
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SUBSTANTIA ALBA
The part of the spinal cord that is white and contains
myelinated neuron fibers
funiculus dorsalis, lateralis, ventralis, commisura
fasciculus (i), tractus (i)
• tracti ascendens : from the spinal cord to the
brain
• tracti descendens : from the brain to the spinal
cord
• short tracti
: between the segments of the
spinal cord
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TRACTI ASCENDENS DI MEDULLA SPINALIS
• Tractus spinothalamicus lateralis: exteroceptive –
temperature, pain in the skin, from the dorsal horn
to the thalamus
• Tractus spinothalamicus ventralis: exteroceptive
and proprioceptive– light touch on the skin,
pressure in joints/tendons/ligaments, from the
dorsal horn to the thalamus
• Funiculus gracilis and cuneatus: proprioceptive–
proprioceptive
vibration, two-point discrimination, body position,
from the spinal ganglia to the cerebral cortex
• Tractus spinocerebellaris dorsalis et ventralis:
involuntary proprioception, to the cerebellum
TRACTI DESCENDENS IN THE SPINAL CORD
• The pyramidal tract:
a
...
Tractus rubrospinalis – nucleus rubrum
cross ventral horn, for body position
b
...
the
ventral horn for coordination of flexor and
extensor muscles
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3
4
7
5
1
9
6
10
8
2
1,2
...
spinothalamicus lat & ventr
3,4
...
spinocerebellaris dors & ventr
7,8
...
corticospinalis lat & ventr
9
...
rubrospinalis
10
...
vestibulospinalis
Tracti ascendens
(sensory/afferent)
Tracti descendens
(motoric/efferent)
The Afferent Somatic Pathway :
the Lemniscus System The somatosensory
Lemniscus the
Through
pyramid to the
thalamus
axons2nd
area in the di
cortex/neopallium
axons 3rd
Regio:
somatotopy
Medial lemniscus
axons 1st
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The Visceral Efferent Pathway
(The Autonomic Nervous System)
System)
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THE STRUCTURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF
THE SPINAL NERVES
the dorsal root (+ spinal ganglion)
and ventral root meet spinal nerves
the lateral vertebral foramen
ramus dorsalis and ramus ventralis
the number of spinal nerves: varies
between animals
b t
i l
naming the spinal nerves
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dorsal root ganglia:
Neuron unipolar
Somatic
Afferent
Visceral
Efferent
Visceral
Afferent
Visceral
Afferent
Somatic
Efferent
Somatic, Visceral
Afferent, Efferent
THE NUMBER OF SPINAL NERVES IN MAN
AND IN ANIMALS
N
...
cervicalis
8
8
8
8
8
N
...
lumbalis
5
6
6
7
7
N
...
caudalis
1
5
5-6
6
5
Total
31
42
37-38
39
36
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Nervous system
The spinal nerve branches on the surface of a horse’s body
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The branches of the spinal nerves in the foreleg (the brachial
plexus) and hindleg (lumbosacral plexus) in the horse
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THE DISTRIBUTION OF SPINAL NERVES IN THE HORSE
1
...
Nervus cervicalis 2
3
...
cervicalis 3
4
...
cervicalis 4,5
5
...
cervicalis 6
6
...
cervicalis 7, 8
R
...
occipitalis: the back of the
neck, ears
...
ventral: the muscles at the base
of the neck
R
...
ventral (N
...
dorsal: dorsal muscles
R
...
long
...
etc
...
dorsal: cervical plexus +
N
...
3 and 6: neck muscles
R
...
C
...
R
...
R
...
C
...
ventral: diaphragm
...
ventral: brachial plexus
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Continued:
7
...
thoracalis 1 to 18
(N
...
)
8
...
lumbalis to
N l b li 1 t 6
Ramus dorsalis
Ramus ventral N
...
1
Ramus ventral N
...
2
Ramus ventral N
...
3
9
...
Ramus ventral N
...
4,5,6
, ,
Nn
...
S
...
coccygei 1,2,3,4,
and 5 (N
...
)
R
...
Transv
...
ventral: Nn
...
ventral N
...
1: brachial plexus
...
dorsal: l b and croup muscles
Rd
l lumbar d
l
R
...
ilio-hypogastricus
R
...
ilio-inguinalis
R
...
spermaticus externus
and plexus lumbosacralis
With a branch from N
...
3:
Lumbosacral plexus
p
R
...
R
...
pudendus dan
N
...
dorsal/ventral: the tail muscles and
skin
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
GOOD LUCK
19
Title: Anatomy of The Spinal Cord Flashnotes
Description: Anatomy of Spinal Cord Substansia Grisea Substantia Alba Visceral Efferent pathway Structure of spinal nerves Branches of spinal nerves ( brachial plexus and lumbosacral plexus)
Description: Anatomy of Spinal Cord Substansia Grisea Substantia Alba Visceral Efferent pathway Structure of spinal nerves Branches of spinal nerves ( brachial plexus and lumbosacral plexus)