Notesale: Turn your study into money

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Do Economic Sanctions Work?
Thesis: Economic sanctions are more likely to achieve their final goal if there are high
political costs at stake for target country, however, just because economic sanctions do not
achieve their final goal, does not they did not “work
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  Because the intensity of interest is usually greater for the target state than sender state,
they only work when necessary conditions are in place
a
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  Economic coercion works primarily when domestic and int political
conditions exist that magnify the political costs of noncompliance for
the target state (Blanchard and Ripsman, Drezner)
ii
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  Make it harder to make political changes if already unstable u cant
suddenlt have massive increases in prices of necessities (Blanchard and
Ripsman)
iv
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  Domestic divisions demand time/energy of leaders to extent they feel
forced to comply with sancitonng states wishes to focus fully on
domestic political problems (Blanchard and Ripsman)
vi
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  Briefly give Examples
1
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  Canada changed planned embassy move because of US
diplomatic pressure not to interfere in the Middle East, fear that
3
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  Further conditions
i
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  Works better with allies (NK vs SK) (Drezner)
a
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NK’s expectation of future conflict were so
high that it cldnt accede to US demands without
significant compensation(Drezner)
iii
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  Be wary of devoting resources to securing multilateral cooperation in
implementing sanctions- cooperation is far from a prerequisite of
successful sanctions(Drezner)
2
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  Counterargument: Economic sanctions have little usefulness for noneconomic
goals, sanctions have ben successful less than 5% of time, not 34% of time as
HSE claim- so world would have to change considerably before sanctions
become credible alternative to force (Pape)
i
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  My argument: they don’t have to be an alternative to force,
they can be combined with force and not achieving the final
goal does not mean failure
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  Also “they never expect to find slam dunk successes” (Elliott)
3
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  Economic sanctions may be preferable to military force even
when they are less likely to achieve a given set of goals,
provided that the cost differential is big enough Baldwin 102
5
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  If a prospective student asks for advice on how to succeed in
college, it must first be determined whether goal is get good
grades or get a sound education: take easy courses will be good
advice for first goal, take challenging courses will be better for
second- Baldwin
b
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  Effectiveness of sanction includes scope (range of issues affected by
sanctions – like human rights, nuclear testing, tariff levels), weight
(low/medium/high impact on targets behaviour) and domain refers to
number of people (countries, international organizations) affected by
sanctions
ii
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  In terms of scope (Range of issues it affects) military force is not as
useful as economic sanctions or diplomacy- military is only used for a
small range of admittedly very important issues- the reduction in range
of issues with respect to which the use of force is regarded as
legitimate means it is inevitable that economic sanctions will become
more relevant
iv
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  Taken for granted that normal trade does not take place during
war- imagine if Germany and Japan had free access to US oil
supplies during WWII, if they could just resupply themselves
by buying civilian goods and war material in US market
Baldwin 101
c
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  Sanctions seen with scepticism as they failed to force Iraq’s
withdrawal from Kuwait and also didn’t persuade Iraq to comply with
full range of demands in cease fire agreement after Gulf War
ii
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  Sanctions also undermined Iraqi military capabilities and prevented
rearmament by keeping Iraq’s oil wealth and imports (which could be
used to produce WMD) out of Saddam’s hands
iv
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  Revenues from smuggling and kickbacks went mostly toward
maintaining Saddam’s massive army and internal security apparatus
(and building palaces and paying bribes to political loyalists)- as a
result, almost no money was available for the development of nuclear,
chemical or biological weapons system
vi
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  Unique combo of sanctions and inspections eroded Iraq’s weapons
program and constrained military capabilities
viii
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It also noted that sanctions and the earlier work of the
inspectors had caused significant problems for Iraqi missile
development by preventing Iraq from buying potential ingredients of
rocket fuel such as magnesium powder and ammonium chloride
ix
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  Its also the contribution they make- so use they do work coz they work
in collaboration with other tools



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