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Title: Functional Groups
Description: This is a very helpful summary on the functional groups that can be added to a hydrocarbon, such as: Hydroxyl groups Amino groups Carboxylic acid groups
Description: This is a very helpful summary on the functional groups that can be added to a hydrocarbon, such as: Hydroxyl groups Amino groups Carboxylic acid groups
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Module: BIOM – 1007
Lecturer: Dr Weldon
Date: 21/11/16
Functional Groups
Functional
Group
Hydroxyl
Ether
Formula
Class of
Compound
Alcohols
Alkoxy’s
Naming
Replacing -yl
with -oxy on
shortest alkyl
Methoxymethane Short – Yes
Butoxybutane
Long – No
Ethoxyethane
Formyl
Aldehydes
Carboxyl
Amino
Short – Yes
Long – No
Propanol
Ethanol
Butanol
Ketones
Ester
Solubility
-ol
Using name of
parent alkane
of longest alkyl
-one
Carbonyl
Example
Butanone
Propanone
Methanone
Short – Yes
Long – No
-al
Methanal
Butanal
Propanal
Formaldehyde
Short – Yes
Long – No
Carboxylic
Acid’s
-oic acid
Ethanoic acid
Butanoid acid
Hexanoic acid
Short – Yes
Long – No
Esters
-yl -oate
Ethyl acetate
Methyl acetate
Short – Yes
Long – No
Primary amine
-amine
Propanamine
Methamine
1-Methyl
propanameine
Short – Yes
Long – No
(HIGH BP)
Secondary
amine
(MOD BP)
Tertiary amine
(LOW BP)
Functional
Group
Amide
Formula
Halo
R-X
Thiols
Class of
Compound
Amides
Haloalkanes
(X = F, Br, Cl or I)
Sulfhydryl’s
Naming
Example
Solubility
Replacing oic acid with amide
Ethanamide
Short – Yes
Long – No
‘Shortened
halogen
name’-thiol
Chloromethane
Fluorobutane
Very slightly
Butanethiol
Ethanethiol
Very slightly if
at all
Title: Functional Groups
Description: This is a very helpful summary on the functional groups that can be added to a hydrocarbon, such as: Hydroxyl groups Amino groups Carboxylic acid groups
Description: This is a very helpful summary on the functional groups that can be added to a hydrocarbon, such as: Hydroxyl groups Amino groups Carboxylic acid groups