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Title: Upper Gastrointestinal System
Description: Explanation of the aetiology, presentation, required investigations, management and complications of upper gastrointestinal conditions. Ideal for clinical medical students, in a easy to read slide-based format

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UPPER GI

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Aetiology
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• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
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• 

H
...
pylori
•  Carbon-13 breath test
•  Stool an@gen test

•  Endoscopy
•  Not required unless presen@ng for the first @me over age 55, or
displaying other warning signs such as chronic weight loss, blood
loss or persistent vomi@ng

Management
•  Modifica@on of behaviour
•  Smoking cessa@on
•  Stop NSAID use if possible

•  H
...
pylori-nega@ve
•  PPI therapy first line – omeprazole 20mg for one month, then
10mg maintenance

Complications
•  Erosion of a large blood vessel – haematemesis or melaena
require urgent admission to hospital
•  Perfora6on of an ulcer – causes an acute abdomen with
epigatric pain
•  Pyloric stenosis – scarring of the duodenum, causes vomi@ng
and weight loss – rare

Functional (nonulcer) Dyspepsia

Aetiology
•  The cause is not clear or unknown

Presentation
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• 
• 
• 
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• 

Pain or discomfort in upper abdomen
Bloa@ng
Belching
Quickly feeling full a[er ea@ng
Nausea
Vomi@ng

Investigations
•  Func@onal dyspepsia is a diagnosis made when no other cause
can be found

Management
• 
• 
• 
• 

Reassurance and explana@on
Lifestyle changes
Clearing any H
...
pylori eradica@on if present

•  Laparoscopic fundoplica@on surgery
•  Inser@on of a magne@c bead band around the distal oesophagus
at the gastro-oesophageal junc@on

Complications
• 
• 
• 
• 

Oesophagi@s/ulcer
Anaemia
Oesophageal stricture
BarreI’s oesophagus

Oesophageal
Carcinomas

Aetiology

Presentation

Investigations

Management

Complications

Gastric Carcinoma

Aetiology

Presentation

Investigations

Management

Complications


Title: Upper Gastrointestinal System
Description: Explanation of the aetiology, presentation, required investigations, management and complications of upper gastrointestinal conditions. Ideal for clinical medical students, in a easy to read slide-based format