Notesale: Turn your study into money

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I cdnuolt blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd waht I was
rdanieg The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid!
Aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't
mttaer inwaht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny
iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be in the rghit
pclae
...
Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not
raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe
...

NOTE: I read this somewhere and I just had to pass it around
...
Jazmine Alaine Cruz
Faculty, Personal Development

THE BRAIN
The brain is a soft organ that
is protected by the skull
...


Our brain then sends a message to our muscles to make our legs
move, so that we can move away from the source of danger

PARTS OF THE BRAIN

CEREBRUM
The largest division of the brain
...


Cerebrum

Cerebrum

Cerebellum

CEREBRAL CORTEX
The outermost layer of gray matter making up the superficial
aspect of the cerebrum
...
25in x 3ft)

• Accident: Quick Recovery
• Months later: “No longer Gage”
Before: capable, efficient, best foreman,
well-balanced mind
After: extravagant, anti-social, liar, grossly
profane
• Stint with P
...

• The syndrome typically arises after trauma
to the brain, after brain surgery or after a
stroke or an infection of the brain
...

 motor speech center
 located on left frontal lobe
...


PARIETAL LOBE
It plays an integral role in the following
functions/actions:

- integration of different sensory stimuli
- map of the environment
- spatial awareness

TEMPORAL LOBE
It plays an integral role in the following
functions/actions:
- center of memory




immediate memory
recent memory
remote memory

- comprehension of language
- primary auditory area

TEMPORAL LOBE
Wernicke’s Area
 comprehension
of
speech
sounds
 receptive language
 located on the left temporal
lobe
Wernicke’s Aphasia
 speech
is
fluent
but
meaningless, and it also affects
comprehension of language

OCCIPITAL LOBE
It plays an integral role in the
following functions/actions:

- primary visual processing of the
brain
- Visual-spatial processing
- Movement and color recognition

All parts of the
brain work
together, but
each part has
its own special
properties

FETAL BRAIN MATURATION

THE HUMAN BRAIN

HINDBRAIN
(posterior)

• Oldest part of our brain
• Located deep within our
head and on top of our
spinal cord
• Controls most of our most
basic functions
• Controls everything that we
automatically want to work
• For survival and adaptation

Contains nuclei that relay signals
from the forebrain to the
cerebellum, along with nuclei that
deal primarily with sleep,
respiration, swallowing, bladder
control, hearing, equilibrium, taste,
eye movement, facial expressions,
facial sensation, and posture

The lower half of the brainstem that
contains the cardiac, respiratory,
vomiting, and vasomotor centers and
regulates autonomic, involuntary
functions such as breathing, heart rate,
and blood pressure

MIDBRAIN
(superior)

• Coordinate sensory
information with simple
movements
• Reticular Formation
• involved with
stereotypical patterns of
behaviour such as
walking, sleeping, and
other reflexes

Associated with vision, hearing,
motor control, sleep and wake cycles,
alertness, and temperature
regulation

FOREBRAIN
(anterior)

• Largest part of the brain
• Responsible for an
infinite number of
functions especially
higher mental processes

Triune Brain Theory
• Dr Paul MacLean, a leading
neuroscientist,
developed
the
famous Triune Brain theory for
understanding the brain in terms of
its evolutionary history
• Three distinct brains emerged
successively in the course of
evolution and now co-inhabit the
human skull
...


• Our reptilian brain includes the main
structures found in a reptile's brain: the
brainstem and the cerebellum
...

• “survival state”, “fight or flight”,
REPTILIAN BRAIN

LIMBIC SYSTEM
• Emerged in the first mammals
...

• The main structures of the limbic brain are
the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the
hypothalamus
...

• These hemispheres have been responsible
for the development of human language,
abstract
thought,
imagination,
and
consciousness
...

• specialized to carry "messages" through an
electrochemical process
...


NUCLEUS
• central part of the most cell that is enclosed in a
membrane
• contains majority of the cell’s genetic
material in the form of multiple linear
DNA
molecules
organized
into
structures
...
1 mm to
as long as 2 m
...


DENDRITES
• These structures branch out in treelike fashion and serve as the main
apparatus for receiving signals from other nerve cells
...

• The dendritic membrane under the synapse
(the post-synaptic membrane) has many
specialized
protein
molecules
called
receptors that detect the neurotransmitters in
the
synaptic
cleft
...

• Increased of heart rate, contracts blood
vessels, increase blood flow to the muscles
and oxygen to the lungs
• Leads to physical boost and heightened
awareness

NOREPINEPHRINE
THE CONCENTRATION NEUROTRANSMITTER

•

also known as noradrenaline

• a neurotransmitter that affects attention and
responding actions in the brain
• strongly associated with bringing the nervous system
into high alert

DOPAMINE
THE PLEASURE NEUROTRANSMITTER
• generally involved in regulatory motor activity,
in mood, motivation and attention

• Associated with feelings of pleasure and
satisfaction
...

• strongly associated with bringing the nervous
system into high alert

SEROTONIN
THE MOOD NEUROTRANSMITTER

• Thought to be a contributor to feelings of well-being
and happiness
...


• Low levels of serotonin have been linked to
depression, anxiety and some mental disorders

GABA (GAMMA-AMINO BUTYRIC ACID)
THE CALMING NEUROTRANSMITTER

•

major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the brain

• its role is to calm firing nerves in the central nervous system

• increased levels improve mental focus and
relaxation, low levels can cause anxiety, and have
also been linked with epilepsy

ACETHYLCHOLINE
THE LEARNING NEUROTRANSMITTER
• The first neurotransmitter discovered
• Principle neurotransmitter
learning, and memory
...


ACTION POTENTIAL
• are
formed
when
a
stimulus
causes
the cell membrane to depolarize past the threshold of
excitation, causing all sodium ion channels to open
...


NODES OF RANVIER

Nodes of Ranvier are the gaps in myelin coverage along axons
...
Action potentials travel
the axon by jumping from one node to the next
...
Sperry

Each
brain
hemisphere
is
specialized and therefore each
must function independently
with a different thinking style (or
personality)

Brain Dominance Theory
People who identify as left-brain thinkers might feel that they have
strong math and logic skills
...


The left hemisphere controls the muscles on the right side of the body
while the right hemisphere controls those on the left
...


Debunking the Brain Dominance Theory
There is no strong neurological
evidences that supports localization
of, even basic, cognitive functions in
this way in hemisphere
...

Both sides of our brain work
together
seamlessly
to
produce one’s consciousness
...

Incorporation of Paul Mclean’s and
Roger Sperry’s theory

“How can people be so clever and so dumb at the same time?”

Whole-Brain Theory
We have all met people who are very bright
and capable in a given area or skill, but seem
totally incapable of something much simpler

But Whole Brain® Thinking reminds us that everyone has
access to all four ways of thinking
...


Multiple Intelligence

Learning Styles:
 Visual learners
 Auditory learners
 Kinesthetic learners

Multiple Intelligence
• Howard Gardner is a psychologist and
Professor at Harvard University’s
Graduate School od Education
...

• According to Gardner, 9 different
types of Intelligence are displayed by
humans
...
”

Gardner’s
Multiple Intelligence



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