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Title: behavioral science and organizational behvior
Description: The perception is the ability of the human being to understand, recognize, and interpret the surrounding environment, throughout the senses. Wang (2006), considered the perception to be one of the main senses of the humans, through which the entire cognitive functions of the people are depending on. The formulation of the perception of individuals would be based on the combination of emotions, motivations, and attitudes. The overlapping of the emotions, motivations of the individual, and his or her attitudes toward an object will be used for the creation the person regarding this object (Wang, 2007). On the other hand, the degree of the individuals’ attention can be realized as an important element within the formulating of the perception. For instance, the degree, to which the employees will be attentive to their workplace, would be leading to their motive for the creation of a perception toward this workplace. On the other hand, the priority and the necessity of the object to the individual will be determining the type of the perception, which will be developed by the individual. The impact of the priority of the object will be conducted throughout unconscious mental processes. It means that the individual will tend to ignore perceiving any object, which he or she is considering to be less important (Bodenhausen & Hugenberg, 2009). On the other hand, the studies showed that there different types of factors that would be affecting the individuals’ perception, which the organizational managers should be acknowledging for ensuring the effectiveness and the success of the management of the organizational workforces and enhance their contribution within the development and the growth of the organizational performance. These factors are considered to be the essential for the creation the perception of the employees toward the organization, the production, customers, and the vision and mission of the organization. The study of these factors will allow the managers to understand how their workforce is seeing their worlds and how they appreciate or ignore the rules and regulations, as well as the objectives of the organization. Not only understanding the factors, but also controlling these factors will allow the managers to enhance the positive perceptions and attitudes of the employees toward their organizations, which would be turning the employees to be motivated fighters for the growth of the organization and the enhancement of its effectiveness (Pickens, 2005). Within the change of the organizational operations and processes, the employees’ attitudes and perceptions can be plying an essential role within the success of the change process. The studies showed that because of the individual’s bounded rationality the perception of the employees to change would be playing an important role in the tending of t employees to conduct resistance to the change process or supporting it. The managers should understand the employees’ perception to change and try to change it or identification of the most effective approach for achieving this dilemma (Vithessonthi, 2005). Throughout the following paper, there would be identification for the most important approach that had been followed by the organization for the development and the changing of the perception of the employees, which would be encouraging the employees’ contribution to the growth of the organizational performance.
Description: The perception is the ability of the human being to understand, recognize, and interpret the surrounding environment, throughout the senses. Wang (2006), considered the perception to be one of the main senses of the humans, through which the entire cognitive functions of the people are depending on. The formulation of the perception of individuals would be based on the combination of emotions, motivations, and attitudes. The overlapping of the emotions, motivations of the individual, and his or her attitudes toward an object will be used for the creation the person regarding this object (Wang, 2007). On the other hand, the degree of the individuals’ attention can be realized as an important element within the formulating of the perception. For instance, the degree, to which the employees will be attentive to their workplace, would be leading to their motive for the creation of a perception toward this workplace. On the other hand, the priority and the necessity of the object to the individual will be determining the type of the perception, which will be developed by the individual. The impact of the priority of the object will be conducted throughout unconscious mental processes. It means that the individual will tend to ignore perceiving any object, which he or she is considering to be less important (Bodenhausen & Hugenberg, 2009). On the other hand, the studies showed that there different types of factors that would be affecting the individuals’ perception, which the organizational managers should be acknowledging for ensuring the effectiveness and the success of the management of the organizational workforces and enhance their contribution within the development and the growth of the organizational performance. These factors are considered to be the essential for the creation the perception of the employees toward the organization, the production, customers, and the vision and mission of the organization. The study of these factors will allow the managers to understand how their workforce is seeing their worlds and how they appreciate or ignore the rules and regulations, as well as the objectives of the organization. Not only understanding the factors, but also controlling these factors will allow the managers to enhance the positive perceptions and attitudes of the employees toward their organizations, which would be turning the employees to be motivated fighters for the growth of the organization and the enhancement of its effectiveness (Pickens, 2005). Within the change of the organizational operations and processes, the employees’ attitudes and perceptions can be plying an essential role within the success of the change process. The studies showed that because of the individual’s bounded rationality the perception of the employees to change would be playing an important role in the tending of t employees to conduct resistance to the change process or supporting it. The managers should understand the employees’ perception to change and try to change it or identification of the most effective approach for achieving this dilemma (Vithessonthi, 2005). Throughout the following paper, there would be identification for the most important approach that had been followed by the organization for the development and the changing of the perception of the employees, which would be encouraging the employees’ contribution to the growth of the organizational performance.
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Introduction to Behavioural Sciences: Perception in
General Motors Company’s Change process
Table of contents
Introduction of the perception
Background of the company
Application of theoretical part of the organization
List of recommendations
Conclusion
References
Page 1 of 12
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5
7
9
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Introduction of the perception
The perception is the ability of the human being to understand, recognize, and
interpret the surrounding environment, throughout the senses
...
The formulation of the perception of
individuals would be based on the combination of emotions, motivations, and attitudes
...
On the other hand, the degree of the individuals’ attention can be realized as an
important element within the formulating of the perception
...
On the other hand, the
priority and the necessity of the object to the individual will be determining the type of
the perception, which will be developed by the individual
...
It means that
the individual will tend to ignore perceiving any object, which he or she is considering to
be less important (Bodenhausen & Hugenberg, 2009)
...
These factors are considered to be the essential for the
creation the perception of the employees toward the organization, the production,
Page 2 of 12
customers, and the vision and mission of the organization
...
Not only understanding the factors, but also controlling these factors will
allow the managers to enhance the positive perceptions and attitudes of the employees
toward their organizations, which would be turning the employees to be motivated
fighters for the growth of the organization and the enhancement of its effectiveness
(Pickens, 2005)
...
The studies showed that because of the individual’s bounded
rationality the perception of the employees to change would be playing an important role
in the tending of t employees to conduct resistance to the change process or supporting
it
...
Throughout the following paper, there would be identification for
the most important approach that had been followed by the organization for the
development and the changing of the perception of the employees, which would be
encouraging the employees’ contribution to the growth of the organizational
performance
...
General
Motors Company is considered to be one of the leading organizations within the
automotive industry into international markets
...
The success of the organization in
the beginning was essential, as the company faced no competition, while the demand of
the cars of General Motors Company was very high
...
However the success o the organization had been limited in 2001, when ore
and more competitors started to enter the market and gained huge experience within
the automotive production
...
At this time, the management of General Motors Company
decided to conduct a change process for ensuring that they will be surviving within the
markets
...
Throughout the restructuring of the
organizational operations, structures, and work design, the organization ha bee focusing
on the development of a new approach, which would be leading to higher flexibility and
higher rate of response to the demands and the needs of the different markets, in which
the products of General Motors Company are being sold
...
The main
problem is that the employees did not perceive what the managers had perceived
...
The remoteness of the employees from the change process led to the enhancement of
the feelings that the change had been imposed on them, while neglecting totally their
Page 4 of 12
opinions and contributions
...
In the end the
management of General Motors Company succeeded in the reduction of the total costs
of the organizational operations and processes, which led to the enhancement of the
organizational profitability, as well as enabling the organization to cut prices for the
attraction of larger amounts of customers and retain its current customers
...
All
of those results had been achieved after the acceptance of the employees to the
change process, which made them contribute in its success (Hashim, 2014)
...
The proximity, similarity, simplicity, continuity, and
connectedness of the different stimuli would be contributing in the formulation of
people’s awareness of the surrounding environment and societies (Wagemans, et al
...
To apply this theory on the case of General Motors Company, it should be
suggested that the management of the organization should had been introducing
concept of the change and the reformulation of their culture in an earlier phases, which
would be ensuring that the employees of the organization would be holding positive
Page 5 of 12
perception toward change process in the beginning, because it would be not so hard for
them to understand it (Chang, Nesbitt, & Wilkins, 2014)
...
On the other hand,
according to the McGurk effect, the perception is considered to be resulted from the
interaction between both of the hearing and vision, which would take place when one
sound is interacted or coupled with visual incentives, which lead to the individual to
perceive the existence of another sound
...
On the other hand, the
Selective Attention theory suggested that the people are highly selective in choosing the
things that they will perceive
...
For General
Motors Company , the management should had been linking employees’ important
objects to the change processes, which would be ensuring that there would be high
attention rates that are directed toward the change process
...
List of recommendations
The perception is considered to be one of the most important topics that should
be focused on by the management of the organization
...
So, it can be
suggested to General Motors Company and the entire organizations some
recommendations
...
For instance, the
organizations should be ensuring that the information about the important topics are
being held by the organizational employees, so that they will be able to perceive it
easier and more frequently, than other objects
...
The third recommendation is
considered to be based on the need for the organization to formulate simple messages
to be communicated to the employees, for every new issue or information, which the
Page 7 of 12
organizational management seeks the employees to perceive it
...
The
fourth recommendation is considered to be need of creating linkages and ties among
the most important topics, issues, and objects for the employees and to tie it to the
organizational issues
...
This would be ensuring that the employees will be caring
for the organizational objectives, as well as perceiving them to an important highly
prioritized objective
...
In addition, it can be
recommended that the perception should be managed from the beginning, throughout
the development of an effective organizational culture, as well as effectively implanting
the culture’s values, norms, and rules within the minds of the customers, which would
be leading to higher rates of employees’ acceptability and perception of the external
environments, at the same manner that the organization will be perceiving them
...
For instance, the controlling of the
emotions, the rationality, and the psychological attitudes of the employees will ensure
Page 8 of 12
that the organizations will be able to control the employees’ perception about the world
and the workplace
...
Conclusion
To conclude, the perception had been reclined to be based on the individuals’
awareness, capability to be aware of, and willingness to be aware of the entire external
environment
...
For instance, as human beings we can’t perceive the
entire objects surrounding us in the environment, so, the individual tends to be highly
selective regarding the degree of the importance and the interest of the induvial in the
exposed objects
...
After the assessment of the General Motors Company problems, it had been
recognized that the development of an effective change process can’t be successful
without the support of the entire members of the organizations
...
It should be acknowledged that the
Page 9 of 12
employees are considered to be the most important assets of the organizations, which
ensure that without the employees, the most effective management will not be able to
attain the objectives of the organization
...
This acknowledgement will allow the organization to predict the probability of
any incident that would take place in earlier phases
...
On the other hand, there should be closeness between the
management and the employees for the identification of the main approaches that
would be followed for the attainment of the organizational objectives; regardless the
type of the objective, there would always be a match between the organizational
perception and the employees’ perception
...
Bodenhausen, G
...
(2009)
...
social cognition: the basis of human interaction
...
wcas
...
edu/bodenhausen/BH09
...
Chang, Nesbitt, & Wilkins
...
The Gestalt Principles of Similarity and
Proximity Apply to Both the Haptic and Visual Grouping of Elements
...
Retrieved
from http://crpit
...
3
...
(2010)
...
Applied Science and Engineering
Laboratories
...
asel
...
edu/icslp/cdrom/vol3/1007/a1007
...
Hashim, M
...
Organizational change: Case study of GM (General Motor)
...
3(1), pp
...
Retrieved from
http://apexjournal
...
5
...
(2005)
...
TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences Vol
...
2
...
recherche
...
fr/sparrow/TLDocs/cours1213/L3_UE4_expo3_Lavie%20(2005)
...
Pickens, J
...
ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTIONS
...
Retrieved from http://healthadmin
...
com/borkowski/chapter3
...
Shea , N
...
Distinguishing Top-Down From Bottom-Up Effects
...
Retrieved from
http://www
...
ox
...
uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/30885/Shea,_Definin
g_top-down_effects,_Oct13
...
Vithessonthi, C
...
A Perception-Based View of the Employee: A Study of
Employees’ Reactions to Change
...
Retrieved
from
http://www1
...
ch/www/edis
...
9
...
(2012)
...
Perceptual Grouping and Figure–
Ground Organization
...
138, No
...
1037/a0029333
...
kuleuven
...
10
...
(2007)
...
Int’l Journal of Cognitive Informatics and
Natural Intelligence, 1(4), 1-13, October-December
...
ucalgary
...
Page 12 of 12
Title: behavioral science and organizational behvior
Description: The perception is the ability of the human being to understand, recognize, and interpret the surrounding environment, throughout the senses. Wang (2006), considered the perception to be one of the main senses of the humans, through which the entire cognitive functions of the people are depending on. The formulation of the perception of individuals would be based on the combination of emotions, motivations, and attitudes. The overlapping of the emotions, motivations of the individual, and his or her attitudes toward an object will be used for the creation the person regarding this object (Wang, 2007). On the other hand, the degree of the individuals’ attention can be realized as an important element within the formulating of the perception. For instance, the degree, to which the employees will be attentive to their workplace, would be leading to their motive for the creation of a perception toward this workplace. On the other hand, the priority and the necessity of the object to the individual will be determining the type of the perception, which will be developed by the individual. The impact of the priority of the object will be conducted throughout unconscious mental processes. It means that the individual will tend to ignore perceiving any object, which he or she is considering to be less important (Bodenhausen & Hugenberg, 2009). On the other hand, the studies showed that there different types of factors that would be affecting the individuals’ perception, which the organizational managers should be acknowledging for ensuring the effectiveness and the success of the management of the organizational workforces and enhance their contribution within the development and the growth of the organizational performance. These factors are considered to be the essential for the creation the perception of the employees toward the organization, the production, customers, and the vision and mission of the organization. The study of these factors will allow the managers to understand how their workforce is seeing their worlds and how they appreciate or ignore the rules and regulations, as well as the objectives of the organization. Not only understanding the factors, but also controlling these factors will allow the managers to enhance the positive perceptions and attitudes of the employees toward their organizations, which would be turning the employees to be motivated fighters for the growth of the organization and the enhancement of its effectiveness (Pickens, 2005). Within the change of the organizational operations and processes, the employees’ attitudes and perceptions can be plying an essential role within the success of the change process. The studies showed that because of the individual’s bounded rationality the perception of the employees to change would be playing an important role in the tending of t employees to conduct resistance to the change process or supporting it. The managers should understand the employees’ perception to change and try to change it or identification of the most effective approach for achieving this dilemma (Vithessonthi, 2005). Throughout the following paper, there would be identification for the most important approach that had been followed by the organization for the development and the changing of the perception of the employees, which would be encouraging the employees’ contribution to the growth of the organizational performance.
Description: The perception is the ability of the human being to understand, recognize, and interpret the surrounding environment, throughout the senses. Wang (2006), considered the perception to be one of the main senses of the humans, through which the entire cognitive functions of the people are depending on. The formulation of the perception of individuals would be based on the combination of emotions, motivations, and attitudes. The overlapping of the emotions, motivations of the individual, and his or her attitudes toward an object will be used for the creation the person regarding this object (Wang, 2007). On the other hand, the degree of the individuals’ attention can be realized as an important element within the formulating of the perception. For instance, the degree, to which the employees will be attentive to their workplace, would be leading to their motive for the creation of a perception toward this workplace. On the other hand, the priority and the necessity of the object to the individual will be determining the type of the perception, which will be developed by the individual. The impact of the priority of the object will be conducted throughout unconscious mental processes. It means that the individual will tend to ignore perceiving any object, which he or she is considering to be less important (Bodenhausen & Hugenberg, 2009). On the other hand, the studies showed that there different types of factors that would be affecting the individuals’ perception, which the organizational managers should be acknowledging for ensuring the effectiveness and the success of the management of the organizational workforces and enhance their contribution within the development and the growth of the organizational performance. These factors are considered to be the essential for the creation the perception of the employees toward the organization, the production, customers, and the vision and mission of the organization. The study of these factors will allow the managers to understand how their workforce is seeing their worlds and how they appreciate or ignore the rules and regulations, as well as the objectives of the organization. Not only understanding the factors, but also controlling these factors will allow the managers to enhance the positive perceptions and attitudes of the employees toward their organizations, which would be turning the employees to be motivated fighters for the growth of the organization and the enhancement of its effectiveness (Pickens, 2005). Within the change of the organizational operations and processes, the employees’ attitudes and perceptions can be plying an essential role within the success of the change process. The studies showed that because of the individual’s bounded rationality the perception of the employees to change would be playing an important role in the tending of t employees to conduct resistance to the change process or supporting it. The managers should understand the employees’ perception to change and try to change it or identification of the most effective approach for achieving this dilemma (Vithessonthi, 2005). Throughout the following paper, there would be identification for the most important approach that had been followed by the organization for the development and the changing of the perception of the employees, which would be encouraging the employees’ contribution to the growth of the organizational performance.